Climate Responses to the Splitting of a Supercontinent: Implications for the Breakup of Pangea

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 6059-6068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clay R. Tabor ◽  
Ran Feng ◽  
Bette L. Otto‐Bliesner
Keyword(s):  
Climate Responses

Climate Responses of Aboveground Productivity and Allocation in Fagus sylvatica: A Transect Study in Mature Forests

Ecosystems ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1498-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilmar Müller-Haubold ◽  
Dietrich Hertel ◽  
Dominik Seidel ◽  
Florian Knutzen ◽  
Christoph Leuschner
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Aboveground Productivity ◽  
Climate Responses ◽  
Transect Study

scholarly journals Role of synoptic eddy feedback on polar climate responses to the anthropogenic forcing

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (14) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Seong Kug ◽  
Da-Hee Choi ◽  
Fei-Fei Jin ◽  
Won-Tae Kwon ◽  
Hong-Li Ren
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Forcing ◽  
Polar Climate ◽  
Synoptic Eddy ◽  
Climate Responses

Dry-season climate drives interannual variability in tropical tree growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Zuidema ◽  
Flurin Babst ◽  
Peter Groenendijk ◽  
Valerie Trouet
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Tropical Tree ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Tropical Vegetation ◽  
Tropical Tree Growth ◽  
Climate Responses

<p>Tropical and subtropical ecosystems are primarily responsible for the large inter-annual variability (IAV) in the global carbon land sink. The response of tropical vegetation productivity to climatic variation likely drives this IAV, but the climate sensitivity of key productivity components are poorly understood. Tree-ring analysis can help fill this knowledge gap by estimating IAV in woody biomass growth, the major carbon accumulation process in tropical vegetation.</p><p> </p><p>Here, we evaluate the climate responses of woody biomass growth throughout the global tropics. Using an unprecedented compilation of tropical tree-ring data, we test hypotheses that (1) precipitation (P) and maximum temperature (T<sub>max</sub>) have opposite and additive effects on annual tree growth, (2) these climate responses amplify with increasing aridity and (3) wet-season climate is a more important driver of growth than dry-season climate.</p><p> </p><p>We established a network of 347 tree-ring width chronologies compiled from (sub-)tropical latitudes, representing 99 tree species on five continents and obtained from contributors (n=112) and the International Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDB; n=235). Our network is climatologically representative for 66% of the pantropical land area with woody vegetation.</p><p> </p><p>To test hypotheses we re-developed standardized ring-width index (RWI) chronologies and assessed climate responses using SOM cluster analysis (monthly P and T<sub>max</sub>) and multiple regression analysis (seasonal P and T<sub>max</sub>). Our results were consistent with hypothesis 1: effects of monthly or seasonal P and T<sub>max</sub> on tree growth were indeed additive and opposite, suggesting water availability to be the primary driver of tropical tree growth. In accordance with hypothesis 2, these climate responses were stronger at sites with lower mean annual precipitation or a larger annual water deficit. However, our results contrast those expected under hypothesis 3. Three of the four clusters show a dominant role of dry-season climate on annual tree growth and regression analyses confirmed this strong dry-season role.</p><p> </p><p>The strong dry-season effect on tropical tree growth seemingly contrasts the general notion that tropical vegetation productivity peaks during the wet season but is consistent with studies showing that climatologically benign dry seasons increase reserve storage and xylem growth. We posit that dry-season climate constrains the magnitude of woody biomass growth that takes place during the following wet season, and thus contributes to IAV in tree growth.</p><p> </p><p>By providing field-based insights on climate sensitivity of tropical vegetation productivity, our study contributes to the major task in Earth system science of quantifying, understanding, and predicting the IAV of the carbon land sink.</p>

scholarly journals Fast Climate Responses to Aerosol Emission Reductions During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Lili Ren ◽  
Huimin Li ◽  
Hailong Wang ◽  
Pinya Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Aerosol Emission ◽  
Climate Responses

Divergent melanism strategies in Andean butterfly communities structure diversity patterns and climate responses

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2471-2482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline C. Dufour ◽  
Keith R. Willmott ◽  
Pablo S. Padrón ◽  
Shuang Xing ◽  
Timothy C. Bonebrake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Butterfly Communities ◽  
Climate Responses ◽  
Structure Diversity

scholarly journals Emergent Scale Invariance and Climate Sensitivity

Climate ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Rypdal ◽  
Hege-Beate Fredriksen ◽  
Eirik Myrvoll-Nilsen ◽  
Kristoffer Rypdal ◽  
Sigrunn Sørbye
Keyword(s):  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Scale Invariance ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Temperature Record ◽  
Radiative Balance ◽  
Global Surface ◽  
Earth System Models ◽  
Climate Responses ◽  
Best Estimates

Earth’s global surface temperature shows variability on an extended range of temporal scales and satisfies an emergent scaling symmetry. Recent studies indicate that scale invariance is not only a feature of the observed temperature fluctuations, but an inherent property of the temperature response to radiative forcing, and a principle that links the fast and slow climate responses. It provides a bridge between the decadal- and centennial-scale fluctuations in the instrumental temperature record, and the millennial-scale equilibration following perturbations in the radiative balance. In particular, the emergent scale invariance makes it possible to infer equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) from the observed relation between radiative forcing and global temperature in the instrumental era. This is verified in ensembles of Earth system models (ESMs), where the inferred values of ECS correlate strongly to estimates from idealized model runs. For the range of forcing data explored in this paper, the method gives best estimates of ECS between 1.8 and 3.7 K, but statistical uncertainties in the best estimates themselves will provide a wider likely range of the ECS.

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