scholarly journals Fast Climate Responses to Aerosol Emission Reductions During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Lili Ren ◽  
Huimin Li ◽  
Hailong Wang ◽  
Pinya Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Aerosol Emission ◽  
Climate Responses

Global and regional climate responses to national-committed emission reductions under the Paris agreement

2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Quansheng Ge ◽  
Deliang Chen ◽  
Jürg Luterbacher ◽  
Katarzyna B. Tokarska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Climate Responses

scholarly journals Nonlinear response of Asian summer monsoon precipitation to emission reductions in South and East Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Herbert ◽  
Laura J Wilcox ◽  
Manoj Joshi ◽  
Ellie Highwood ◽  
David J Frame
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosols ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Aerosol Emission ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Asian Summer ◽  
Aerosol Emissions

Abstract Anthropogenic aerosols over South and East Asia currently have a stronger impact on the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) than greenhouse gas emissions, yet projected aerosol emission changes in these regions are subject to considerable uncertainties such as timescale, location, emission type, and even the sign of the change. We use a circulation/climate model with idealised aerosol distributions to demonstrate that the sum of ASM responses to aerosol emission reductions in each region is very different to the response to simultaneous reductions in both regions, implying the ASM response to aerosol emissions reductions is highly nonlinear. The phenomenon is independent of whether aerosols are scattering or absorbing, and results from interaction of induced atmospheric circulation changes. The nonlinearity from interactions between aerosol forcing from different regions represents a new source of uncertainty in projections of ASM changes over the next 30-40 years, and may limit the utility of country-dependent aerosol trajectories when considering their Asia-wide effects, though we recommend further work to establish whether the nonlinearity is buffered by other drivers. To understand likely changes in the ASM due to aerosol reductions, countries will need to accurately take account of emissions reductions from across the wider region, rather than approximating them using simple scenarios and emulators. The nonlinearity in the response to forcing therefore presents a regional public goods issue for countries affected by the ASM, as the costs and benefits of aerosol emissions reductions are not internalised; in fact, forcings from different countries such as India and China work jointly to determine outcomes across the region.

scholarly journals Quantifying the influence of short-term emission reductions on climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. eabf7133
Author(s):  
J. C. Fyfe ◽  
V. V. Kharin ◽  
N. Swart ◽  
G. M. Flato ◽  
M. Sigmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Aerosol Emission ◽  
Regional Temperature ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Aerosol Emissions ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic has resulted in a marked slowdown in greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions. Although the resulting emission reductions will continue to evolve, this will presumably be temporary. Here, we provide estimates of the potential effect of such short-term emission reductions on global and regional temperature and precipitation by analyzing the response of an Earth System Model to a range of idealized near-term emission pathways not considered in available model intercomparison projects. These estimates reveal the modest impact that temporary emission reductions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic will have on global and regional climate. Our simulations suggest that the impact of carbon dioxide and aerosol emission reductions is actually a temporary enhancement in warming rate. However, our results demonstrate that even large emission reductions applied for a short duration have only a small and likely undetectable impact.

Quantifying the Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions Associated with Recycling Hot Mix Asphalt

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-77
Author(s):  
James W Lewis ◽  
Morton A Barlaz ◽  
Akhtar Tayebali ◽  
S Ranji Ranjithan
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Emission Reductions

Ratcheting Ambition to Limit Warming to 1.55C Trade-Offs between Emission Reductions and Carbon Dioxide Removal

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Holz ◽  
Lori S Siegel ◽  
Eleanor Johnston ◽  
Andrew P Jones ◽  
John Sterman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Removal ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Aerosol emission in professional singing of classical music

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Mürbe ◽  
Martin Kriegel ◽  
Julia Lange ◽  
Hansjörg Rotheudt ◽  
Mario Fleischer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Particle Counter ◽  
Professional Singers ◽  
Aerosol Emission ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels

AbstractIn this study, emission rates of aerosols emitted by professional singers were measured with a laser particle counter under cleanroom conditions. The emission rates during singing varied between 753 and 6093 particles/sec with a median of 1537 particles/sec. Emission rates for singing were compared with data for breathing and speaking. Significantly higher emission rates were found for singing. The emission enhancements between singing and speaking were between 4.0 and 99.5 with a median of 17.4, largely due to higher sound pressure levels when singing. Further, significant effects of vocal loudness were found, whereas there were no significant differences between the investigated voice classifications. The present study supports the efforts to improve the risk management in cases of possible aerogenic virus transmission, especially for choir singing.

scholarly journals Experimental and CFD Simulations of the Aerosol Flow in the Air Ventilating the Underground Excavation in Terms of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4743
Author(s):  
Tomasz Janoszek ◽  
Zbigniew Lubosik ◽  
Lucjan Świerczek ◽  
Andrzej Walentek ◽  
Jerzy Jaroszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Calculations ◽  
Mining Institute ◽  
Ventilation Network ◽  
Underground Excavation ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Aerosol Emission ◽  
Ansys Cfx ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

The paper presents the results of experimental and model tests of transport of dispersed fluid droplets forming a cloud of aerosol in a stream of air ventilating a selected section of the underground excavation. The excavation selected for testing is part of the ventilation network of the Experimental Mine Barbara of the Central Mining Institute. For given environmental conditions, such as temperature, pressure, relative humidity, and velocity of air, the distribution of aerosol droplet changes in the mixture of air and water vapor along the excavation at a distance was measured at 10 m, 25 m, and 50 m from the source of its emission. The source of aerosol emission in the excavation space was a water nozzle that was located 25 m from the inlet (inlet) of the excavation. The obtained results of in situ tests were related to the results of numerical calculations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Numerical calculations were performed using Ansys-Fluent and Ansys-CFX software. The dimensions and geometry of the excavation under investigation are presented. The authors describe the adopted assumptions and conditions for the numerical model and discuss the results of the numerical solution.

scholarly journals Editorial: REDD+: Protecting Climate, Forests and Livelihoods

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Timothy R.H. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Subnational Governments

REDD+ is moving beyond readiness and piloting into real implementation, where measured and verified emission reductions can result in payments to countries or subnational governments [...]

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document