scholarly journals A molybdenum isotope record of Eocene Thermal Maximum 2: Implications for global ocean redox during the early Eocene

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Dickson ◽  
Anthony S. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Global Ocean ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Molybdenum Isotope ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Isotope Record

scholarly journals Geochemical indications for the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM-2) hyperthermals in terrestrial sediments of the Canadian Arctic

Geosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Reinhardt ◽  
Werner von Gosen ◽  
Andreas Lückge ◽  
Martin Blumenberg ◽  
Jennifer M. Galloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Isotope Data ◽  
Complete Section ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Terrestrial Sediments ◽  
Deformation Features ◽  
Isotope Record ◽  
Hydrological System ◽  
Hyperthermal Events

During the late Paleocene to early Eocene, clastic fluvial sediments and coals were deposited in northern high latitudes as part of the Marga­ret Formation at Stenkul Fiord (Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada). Syn-sedimentary tectonic movements of the Eurekan deformation continu­ously affected these terrestrial sediments. Different volcanic ash layers occur, and unconformities subdivide the deposits into four sedimentary units. Rare vertebrate fossils indicate an early Eocene (Graybullian) age for the upper part of the Stenkul Fiord outcrop. Here, we present carbon isotope data of bulk coal, related organic-rich mud and siltstones, a plant leaf wax-derived alkane, and additional plant remains. These data provide a complete carbon isotope record of one stratigraphic section with defined unconformity positions and in relation to other Eurekan deformation features. A previously dated ash layer MA-1 provided a U-Pb zircon age of 53.7 Ma and is used as a stratigraphic tie point, together with a discrete negative carbon isotope excursion found above MA-1 in a closely sampled coal seam. The excursion is identified as the likely expression of the I-1 hyperthermal event. Based on our isotope data that reflect the early Eocene dynamics of the carbon cycle, this tie point, and previous paleontological constraints from vertebrate fossils, the locations of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM-2) hyperthermals and their extent along the complete section are herein identified. Within the intervals of the PETM and ETM-2 hyperthermal events, increasing amounts of clastic sediments reached the site toward the respective end of the event. This is interpreted as a response of the fluvial depositional system to an intensified hydrological system during the hyperthermal events. Our study establishes an enhanced stratigraphic framework allowing for the calcula­tion of average sedimentation rates of different intervals and considerations on the completeness of the stratigraphic record. As one of the few high-latitude outcrops of early Eocene terrestrial sediments, the Stenkul Fiord location offers further possibilities to study the effects of extreme warming events in the Paleogene.

scholarly journals Paleocene-Eocene volcanic segmentation of the Norwegian-Greenland seaway reorganized high-latitude ocean circulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Hovikoski ◽  
Michael B. W. Fyhn ◽  
Henrik Nøhr-Hansen ◽  
John R. Hopper ◽  
Steven Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Subaerial Exposure ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Volcanic Facies

AbstractThe paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic development of the Norwegian–Greenland seaway remains poorly understood, despite its importance for the oceanographic and climatic conditions of the Paleocene–Eocene greenhouse world. Here we present analyses of the sedimentological and paleontological characteristics of Paleocene–Eocene deposits (between 63 and 47 million years old) in northeast Greenland, and investigate key unconformities and volcanic facies observed through seismic reflection imaging in offshore basins. We identify Paleocene–Eocene uplift that culminated in widespread regression, volcanism, and subaerial exposure during the Ypresian. We reconstruct the paleogeography of the northeast Atlantic–Arctic region and propose that this uplift led to fragmentation of the Norwegian–Greenland seaway during this period. We suggest that the seaway became severely restricted between about 56 and 53 million years ago, effectively isolating the Arctic from the Atlantic ocean during the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum and the early Eocene.

scholarly journals Scaled biotic disruption during early Eocene global warming events

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 4679-4688 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Gibbs ◽  
P. R. Bown ◽  
B. H. Murphy ◽  
A. Sluijs ◽  
K. M. Edgar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Carbon Release ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Extinction Events ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Late Paleocene and early Eocene hyperthermals are transient warming events associated with massive perturbations of the global carbon cycle, and are considered partial analogues for current anthropogenic climate change. Because the magnitude of carbon release varied between the events, they are natural experiments ideal for exploring the relationship between carbon cycle perturbations, climate change and biotic response. Here we quantify marine biotic variability through three million years of the early Eocene that include five hyperthermals, utilizing a method that allows us to integrate the records of different plankton groups through scenarios ranging from background to major extinction events. Our long time-series calcareous nannoplankton record indicates a scaling of biotic disruption to climate change associated with the amount of carbon released during the various hyperthermals. Critically, only the three largest hyperthermals, the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM2) and the I1 event, show above-background variance, suggesting that the magnitude of carbon input and associated climate change needs to surpass a threshold value to cause significant biotic disruption.

scholarly journals Prolonged Late Permian–Early Triassic hyperthermal: failure of climate regulation?

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2130) ◽  
pp. 20170078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee R. Kump
Keyword(s):  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Siberian Traps ◽  
Climate Regulation ◽  
Geological Past ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Isotope Record ◽  
Global Tectonics ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary

The extreme warmth associated with the mass extinction at the Permian–Triassic boundary was likely produced by a rapid build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from the eruption and emplacement of the Siberian Traps. In comparison to another hyperthermal event, the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, the Permian–Triassic event, while leaving a similar carbon isotope record, likely had larger amounts of CO 2 emitted and did not follow the expected time scale of climate recovery. The quantities and rates of CO 2 emission likely exhausted the capacity of the long-term climate regulator associated with silicate weathering. Failure was enhanced by slow rock uplift and high continentality associated with the supercontinental phase of global tectonics at the time of the Siberian Traps eruption. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Hyperthermals: rapid and extreme global warming in our geological past’.

scholarly journals Rapid carbon injection and transient global warming during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stuijs ◽  
H. Brinkhuis
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Biotic Response ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Carbon Injection

The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), ~55.5 Myr ago, was a geologically brief (~170 kyr) episode of globally elevated temperatures, which occurred superimposed on the long-term late Paleocene and early Eocene warming trend (Fig. 1). It was marked by a 5 – 8° C warming in both low and high-latitude regions, a perturbation of the hydrological cycle and major biotic response on land and in the oceans, including radiations, extinctions and migrations (see overviews in Bowen et al., 2006; Sluijs et al., 2007a).

High-resolution carbon isotope record for the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum from the Nanyang Basin, Central China

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (31) ◽  
pp. 3606-3611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhu ◽  
ZhongLi Ding ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
ZuoLing Chen ◽  
HanChao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Central China ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Isotope Record

scholarly journals Small-sized <i>Trochammina</i> assemblages in deep-water Eocene flysch deposits (Outer Carpathians, Poland) and their palaeoecological implications

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Waśkowska
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Western Tethys ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Energy Environment ◽  
Outer Carpathians ◽  
Tethys Ocean ◽  
C 50

Abstract. The global climate change in the early Eocene contributed significantly to the turnover of benthic foraminifera. A major extinction within agglutinated and calcareous forms and the occurrence of opportunistic assemblages resulted. The Trochammina material described here belongs to these post-crisis assemblages. Foraminiferal assemblages with numerous Trochammina species are identified within deep-water Eocene deposits of the Polish part of the Outer Carpathians. Trochammina reach up to 80% of the assemblages, the remainder consists of cosmopolitan agglutinated foraminifera, mainly Bathysiphon, Recurvoides, Paratrochamminoides and Trochamminoides. The low biodiversity (average number of species 24, of genera 15) and the presence of dwarf forms are the main characteristics of the assemblages. These assemblages occur predominantly in shales with numerous organic traces (lower Hieroglyphic beds), deposited in the Silesian Basin (Outer Carpathians) which was on the northern margin of the western Tethys Ocean during the early Eocene (Ypresian, c. 50 Ma). The Trochammina biofacies developed in the Silesian Basin after the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum crisis, and is dominated by opportunistic forms, mainly represented by mobile epifauna and shallow-water infauna, interpreted as a recolonizing assemblage in a low energy environment.

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Geochemical indications for the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM-2) hyperthermals in terrestrial sediments of the Canadian Arctic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Reinhardt ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Ash Layer ◽  
Terrestrial Sediments

<div>Contains figures of most depleted δ<sup>13</sup>C values of selected early Eocene hyperthermals and age of volcanic ash layer MA-1 with graphical representation of error ranges. Additionally, tables of all δ<sup>13</sup>C data, organic carbon contents, thicknesses of clastic intervals, and details of U-Pb zircon analyses are provided.<br></div>

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