scholarly journals Lunar pickup ions observed by ARTEMIS: Spatial and temporal distribution and constraints on species and source locations

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (E6) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Halekas ◽  
A. R. Poppe ◽  
G. T. Delory ◽  
M. Sarantos ◽  
W. M. Farrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Pickup Ions

scholarly journals Intercepted Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) and Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Transmitted PAR under High-Density and Super High-Density Olive Orchards

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Adolfo Rosati ◽  
Damiano Marchionni ◽  
Dario Mantovani ◽  
Luigi Ponti ◽  
Franco Famiani
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
High Density ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Radiation Use

We quantified the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception in a high-density (HD) and a super high-density (SHD) or hedgerow olive system, by measuring the PAR transmitted under the canopy along transects at increasing distance from the tree rows. Transmitted PAR was measured every minute, then cumulated over the day and the season. The frequencies of the different PAR levels occurring during the day were calculated. SHD intercepted significantly but slightly less overall PAR than HD (0.57 ± 0.002 vs. 0.62 ± 0.03 of the PAR incident above the canopy) but had a much greater spatial variability of transmitted PAR (0.21 under the tree row, up to 0.59 in the alley center), compared to HD (range: 0.34–0.43). This corresponded to greater variability in the frequencies of daily PAR values, with the more shaded positions receiving greater frequencies of low PAR values. The much lower PAR level under the tree row in SHD, compared to any position in HD, implies greater self-shading in lower-canopy layers, despite similar overall interception. Therefore, knowing overall PAR interception does not allow an understanding of differences in PAR distribution on the ground and within the canopy and their possible effects on canopy radiation use efficiency (RUE) and performance, between different architectural systems.

Preliminary study of HCHO spatial and temporal distribution from Coastal to Plateau areas in Antarctica

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 537-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ombretta Largiuni ◽  
Emiliano Castellano ◽  
Alessio Migliori ◽  
Rita Traversi ◽  
Giovanni Piccardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Preliminary Study
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