scholarly journals Direct and indirect effects of sea spray geoengineering and the role of injected particle size

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (D2) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti-Ilari Partanen ◽  
Harri Kokkola ◽  
Sami Romakkaniemi ◽  
Veli-Matti Kerminen ◽  
Kari E. J. Lehtinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects

Experimental Analysis of the Direct and indirect Effects of an Omnivorous Filter-Feeding Clupeid on Plankton Community Structure

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1935-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray W. Drenner ◽  
Stephen T. Threlkeld ◽  
Michael D. McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Plankton Community ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Dorosoma Cepedianum ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
Menidia Beryllina ◽  
Plankton Community Structure

In laboratory trials, feeding rates of an omnivorous filter-feeding clupeid, Dorosoma cepedianum, increased as a function of particle size, with maximal rates on microspheres, spherical algae, and Zooplankton >40 μm; it did not efficiently feed on filamentous Anabaena flos-aquae. To examine the community level impacts of Dorosoma, we conducted four seasonal outdoor tank experiments of cross-classified design involving two or three densities of Dorosoma and two densities of the zooplanktivorous atherinid fish, Menidia beryllina. We attempted to discriminate between the direct and indirect effects of Dorosoma on phytoplankton by using Menidia to produce indirect effects on phytoplankton by suppressing Zooplankton. Experiments began in November, March, June, and September and lasted for 45–53 d. Dorosoma suppressed most Zooplankton in at least one experiment and enhanced algal standing crops in all four experiments, as indicated by increased algal chlorophyll fluorescence, turbidity, Coulter counts and microscopic algal counts, and decreased Secchi depths. Because in three out of four experiments Menidia suppressed Zooplankton biomass to a greater extent than Dorosoma without enhancing phytoplankton, we reject the hypothesis that the enhancement of phytoplankton by Dorosoma was an indirect effect of Zooplankton biomass suppression.

scholarly journals Antecedents and Implications of Innovation Capability: Empirical Study of Bakpia MSMEs in Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-203
Author(s):  
Baroroh Nurhayati ◽  
Titik Kusmantini ◽  
Tri Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Innovation Capability ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Performance Research

Introduction/Main Objectives: This research examines the antecedents and implications of innovation capability, empirically. The outcomes aim at contributing to the knowledge and understanding about the main driver of innovation capability.  Background Problems: Yogyakarta is known for its many and varied charms, its tourist attractions, the availability of facilities and infrastructure to support tourism, such as souvenir sellers. But there is known that number of total foreign and domestic tourists has been a decrease in 2018 (Semester I by 11.51% and II by 3.33%), also in 2019 (Semester I by 11.23%). This is a challenge for MSMEs in the tourism sector and MSMEs in other sectors that support tourism, such a souvenir seller. Bakpia is one of the well-known products of the food and beverage sector in Yogyakarta often bought for souvenirs. The Bakpia MSMEs’ innovations were triggered by competition among the Bakpia producers in Yogyakarta. Therefore, every Bakpia MSME must be competitive to survive in the market. Thus, there is a need to improve their innovation capability, which will impact the innovation performance of the Bakpia MSMEs in Yogyakarta. There is a gap in the research regarding the influence of the factors that are predicted to build innovation capability. Novelty: Previous studies’ results indicate that the influence of knowledge donating and knowledge collecting about innovation performance is not yet conclusive. Therefore, this study aims to fill the gap in the previous research by examining the role of capability as a mediating between knowledge sharing process (knowledge donating and knowledge collecting) to innovation performance. Research Methods: Forty-eight items of data were obtained from Bakpia MSMEs in Yogyakarta through a survey conducted by distributing questionnaires directly to them. The data were analyzed using PLS-SEM via SmartPLS version 3.3.2. Findings/Results: This study shows that the direct and indirect effects of sharing knowledge (which includes donating and collecting knowledge) about innovation performance are found to be positive but not significant. The results also indicate that innovation capability does not significantly mediate knowledge donating and knowledge collecting about innovation performance. Meanwhile, the influence of innovation capability on innovation performance was found to be positive and significant. Conclusion: The antecedents are insignificant for innovation capability, but the antecedent’s constructs still act as a driver to build innovation capability.

scholarly journals The Role of Satisfaction in Mediating the Effect of Services Quality on the Customers’ Loyalty in the Village Credit Institution of Pekraman, Tabanan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-89
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ngurah Gede Sadiartha ◽  
Gusti Ayu Mirah Apsari
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Services Quality ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Credit Institution ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

Loyalty is a deep commitment to repurchase a product or service that becomes a preference consistently in the future by repurchasing the same product. The problem formulation in this study is how are the direct and indirect effects of services quality through satisfaction on the consumers’ loyalty.  This study aims to know the direct and indirect effect of services quality through satisfaction on the consumers’ loyalty. The study was conducted by the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan located in Gajah Mada street 107, Tabanan. The number of samples is 94 customers with slovin’s formula and accidental sampling method. The techniques of data collection used were interviews, documentation, literature review and questionnaire. The research instruments used were validity test and reliability test. The technique of data analysis used was path analysis with sobel test. Based on the result of calculation, it showed that the services quality had a positive and significant effect on the customers’ satisfaction in the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan as many as  0,000 < 0,05. Thus, H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. The customers’ satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on the customers’ loyalty in the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan as many as 0,000 < 0,05. The services quality had a positive and significant effect of the customers’ loyalty in the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan as many as 0,000 < 0,05. Thus, H0 was rejected and H3 was accepted. Based on the result of calculation, it showed that Zcount (5,323)> Z table (1,96). Thus, the customers’ loyalty can mediate the relationship between customers’ services quality and loyalty on the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan. For the services quality, it is needed to improve the services given to the customers. For instance, it is provided the more exciting interest adjusted to the type of savings chosen by the customers so they will feel more satisfied and can develop their loyalty

scholarly journals Climate variability and international migration: an empirical analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola D. Coniglio ◽  
Giovanni Pesce
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Type Size ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Rich Countries

AbstractIs international migration an adaptation strategy to sudden or gradual climatic shocks? In this paper we investigate the direct and the indirect role of climatic shocks in developing countries as a determinant of out-migration flows toward rich OECD countries in the period 1990–2001. Contrarily to the bulk of existing studies, we use a macro approach and explicitly consider the heterogeneity of climatic shocks (type, size, sign of shocks and seasonal effects). Our results show that the occurrence of adverse climatic events in origin countries has significative direct and indirect effects on out-migration from poor to rich countries.

scholarly journals Role of Satisfaction in Mediating the Effect of Services Quality on the Customers’ Loyalty in the Village Credit Institutions of Pekraman, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ngurah Gede Sadiartha ◽  
Gusti Ayu Mirah Apsari
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Services Quality ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Credit Institution ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

Loyalty is a deep commitment to repurchase a product or service that becomes a preference consistently in the future by repurchasing the same product. The problem formulation in this study is how are the direct and indirect effects of services quality through satisfaction on the consumers’ loyalty.  This study aims to know the direct and indirect effect of services quality through satisfaction on the consumers’ loyalty. The study was conducted by the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan located in Gajah Mada street 107, Tabanan. The number of samples is 94 customers with slovin’s formula and accidental sampling method. The techniques of data collection used were interviews, documentation, literature review and questionnaire. The research instruments used were validity test and reliability test. The technique of data analysis used was path analysis with sobel test. Based on the result of calculation, it showed that the services quality had a positive and significant effect on the customers’ satisfaction in the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan as many as  0,000 < 0,05. Thus, H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. The customers’ satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on the customers’ loyalty in the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan as many as 0,000 < 0,05. The services quality had a positive and significant effect of the customers’ loyalty in the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan as many as 0,000 < 0,05. Thus, H0 was rejected and H3 was accepted. Based on the result of calculation, it showed that Zcount (5,323)> Z table (1,96). Thus, the customers’ loyalty can mediate the relationship between customers’ services quality and loyalty on the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan. For the services quality, it is needed to improve the services given to the customers. For instance, it is provided the more exciting interest adjusted to the type of savings chosen by the customers so they will feel more satisfied and can develop their loyalty

Quotas and Party Priorities: Direct and Indirect Effects of Quota Laws

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-862
Author(s):  
Ana Catalano Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Gender Quota

In light of increasing numbers of women in politics, extant research has examined the role of women in the parliamentary party on agenda-setting. This paper complements that literature by exploring the effect of a gendered institution theorized to promote both numbers of women and awareness of women’s interests: gender quota laws. I suggest that after a quota law, parties could have incentives to either reduce ( backlash effect) or increase ( salience effect) attention to women’s policy concerns. Using matching and regression methods with a panel data set of parties in advanced democracies, I find that parties in countries that implement a quota law devote more attention to social justice issues in their manifestos than similar parties in countries without a quota. Furthermore, the paper shows that this effect is driven entirely by the law itself. Contrary to expectations, quota laws are not associated with increases in women in my (short-term) sample; it is thus no surprise that no evidence of an indirect effect through numbers of women is found. I interpret the findings as evidence of quota contagion, whereby quotas cue party leaders to compete on gender equality issues.

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