scholarly journals Assessing boreal forest fire smoke aerosol impacts on U.S. air quality: A case study using multiple data sets

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (D22) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Miller ◽  
Kang Sun ◽  
Mark A. Zondlo ◽  
David Kanter ◽  
Oleg Dubovik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Smoke Aerosol ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Fire Smoke ◽  
Multiple Data Sets

scholarly journals The impact of chlorine chemistry combined with heterogeneous N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> reactions on air quality in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiajie Yang ◽  
Qiaoqiao Wang ◽  
Nan Ma ◽  
Weiwei Hu ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The North ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Multiple Data Sets ◽  
The Sichuan Basin ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The heterogeneous reaction of N2O5 on Cl-containing aerosols (N2O5 − ClNO2 chemistry) plays a key role in chlorine activation, NOx recycling and consequently O3 formation. In this study, we use the GEOS-Chem model with additional anthropogenic and biomass burning chlorine emissions combined with updated parameterizations for N2O5 − ClNO2 chemistry (i.e. the uptake coefficient of N2O5 (γN2O5) and the ClNO2 yield (φClNO2)) to investigate the impacts of chlorine chemistry on air quality in China, the role of N2O5 − ClNO2 chemistry, as well as their sensitivities to chlorine emissions and parameterizations for γN2O5 and φClNO2. The model evaluation with multiple data sets observed across China demonstrated significant improvement especially regarding the simulation of Cl−, N2O5 and ClNO2 with the updates in chlorine emissions and N2O5 − ClNO2 chemistry. Total tropospheric chlorine chemistry could increase annual mean MDA8 O3 by up to 4.5 ppbv but decrease PM2.5 by up to 7.9 μg m−3 in China, 83 % and 90 % of which could be attributed to the effect of N2O5 – ClNO2 chemistry. The heterogeneous uptake of N2O5 on chloride-containing aerosol surfaces is an important loss pathway of N2O5 as well as a important source of O3, and hence is particularly useful in elucidating the commonly seen ozone underestimations. The importance of chlorine chemistry largely depends on both chlorine emissions and the parameterizations for N2O5 – ClNO2 chemistry. With the additional chlorine emissions annual mean maximum daily 8-hour average (MDA8) O3 in China could be increased by up to 3.5 ppbv. The corresponding effect on PM2.5 concentrations varies largely with regions, with an increase of up to 4.5 μg m−3 in the North China Plain but a decrease of up to 3.7 μg m−3 in the Sichuan Basin. On the other hand, even with the same chlorine emissions, the effects on MDA8 O3 and PM2.5 in China could differ by 48 % and 27 %, respectively between different parameterizations.

The development of nurses’ foundational values

2021 ◽  
pp. 096973302110032
Author(s):  
Sastrawan Sastrawan ◽  
Jennifer Weller-Newton ◽  
Gabrielle Brand ◽  
Gulzar Malik
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Constructivist Grounded Theory ◽  
Professional Values ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Value System ◽  
Institutional Values ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Human Ethics ◽  
Multiple Data Sets

Background: In the ever-changing and complex healthcare environment, nurses encounter challenging situations that may involve a clash between their personal and professional values resulting in a profound impact on their practice. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of literature on how nurses develop their personal–professional values. Aim: The aim of this study was to understand how nurses develop their foundational values as the base for their value system. Research design: A constructivist grounded theory methodology was employed to collect multiple data sets, including face-to-face focus group and individual interviews, along with anecdote and reflective stories. Participants and research context: Fifty-four nurses working across various nursing settings in Indonesia were recruited to participate. Ethical considerations: Ethics approval was obtained from the Monash University Human Ethics Committee, project approval number 1553. Findings: Foundational values acquisition was achieved through family upbringing, professional nurse education and organisational/institutional values reinforcement. These values are framed through three reference points: religious lens, humanity perspective and professionalism. This framing results in a unique combination of personal–professional values that comprise nurses’ values system. Values are transferred to other nurses either in a formal or informal way as part of one’s professional responsibility and customary social interaction via telling and sharing in person or through social media. Discussion: Values and ethics are inherently interweaved during nursing practice. Ethical and moral values are part of professional training, but other values are often buried in a hidden curriculum, and attained and activated through interactions during nurses’ training. Conclusion: Developing a value system is a complex undertaking that involves basic social processes of attaining, enacting and socialising values. These processes encompass several intertwined entities such as the sources of values, the pool of foundational values, value perspectives and framings, initial value structures, and methods of value transference.

Observations of boreal forest fire smoke in the stratosphere by POAM III, SAGE II, and lidar in 1998

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1407-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fromm ◽  
Jerome Alfred ◽  
Karl Hoppel ◽  
John Hornstein ◽  
Richard Bevilacqua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Fire Smoke

scholarly journals Evaluation of daily precipitation statistics and monsoon onset/retreat over western Sahel in multiple data sets

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1325-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Paula Diaconescu ◽  
Philippe Gachon ◽  
John Scinocca ◽  
René Laprise
Keyword(s):  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Monsoon Onset ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Western Sahel ◽  
Multiple Data Sets

Can earning much lead to doing good? Firm performance implications for corporate social responsibility

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyu Hou ◽  
Zhaoyang Guo ◽  
Chuangneng Cai ◽  
Xiaobo Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Instrumental Variable Regression ◽  
Multiple Data Sets ◽  
Corporate Social

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of firm performance on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its possible moderating effect. Despite the significance of CSR, there remains an extensive debate about how it is affected by firm performance. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual model is mainly built on goal-setting theory. Based on archival data from multiple data sets on 1,650 companies, collected from 2010 to 2017, the hypotheses are tested using the two-stage instrumental variable regression method. Findings There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between firm performance and CSR that first increases and then decreases. In addition, considering the boundary conditions, state ownership makes the inverted U-shaped curve steeper, while high executive wage concentration makes the inverted U-shaped curve flatter. Research limitations/implications This study harmonizes the traditional contradictory findings of the influence of firm performance on CSR, that is, it supports a positive, negative or neutral relationship between the two. Originality/value This research provides a necessary structure for the CSR literature. By delving deeply into the relationship between firm performance and CSR, it enables scholars to better address the critical management question of whether earning more will lead to doing good.

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