scholarly journals Hygroscopic growth of common organic aerosol solutes, including humic substances, as derived from water activity measurements

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (D23) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Idania R. Zamora ◽  
Azadeh Tabazadeh ◽  
David M. Golden ◽  
Mark Z. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Hygroscopic Growth ◽  
Activity Measurements

scholarly journals Towards closing the gap between hygroscopic growth and activation for secondary organic aerosol – Part 2: Theoretical approaches

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3999-4009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Petters ◽  
H. Wex ◽  
C. M. Carrico ◽  
E. Hallbauer ◽  
A. Massling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Hygroscopic Growth ◽  
Ideal Behavior ◽  
Hygroscopic Properties ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

Abstract. We examine the hygroscopic properties of secondary organic aerosol particles generated through the reaction of α-pinene and ozone using a continuous flow reaction chamber. The water activity versus composition relationship is calculated from measurements of growth factors at relative humidities up to 99.6% and from measurements of cloud condensation nuclei activity. The observed relationships are complex, suggesting highly non-ideal behavior for aerosol water contents at relative humidities less than 98%. We present two models that may explain the observed water activity-composition relationship equally well. The first model assumes that the aerosol is a pseudo binary mixture of infinitely water soluble compounds and sparingly soluble compounds that gradually enter the solution as dilution increases. The second model is used to compute the Gibbs free energy of the aerosol-water mixture and shows that the aerosol behaves similarly to what can be expected for single compounds that contain a certain fraction of oxygenated and non-polar functional groups.

scholarly journals Towards closing the gap between hygroscopic growth and activation for secondary organic aerosol – Part 2: Theoretical approaches

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 20839-20867 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Petters ◽  
H. Wex ◽  
C. M. Carrico ◽  
E. Hallbauer ◽  
A. Massling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Hygroscopic Growth ◽  
Ideal Behavior ◽  
Hygroscopic Properties ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

Abstract. We examine the hygroscopic properties of secondary organic aerosol particles generated through the reaction of alpha-pinene and ozone using a continuous flow reaction chamber. The water activity versus composition relationship is calculated from measurements of growth factors at relative humidities up to 99.6% and from measurements of cloud condensation nuclei activity. The observed relationships are complex, suggesting highly non-ideal behavior for aerosol water contents at relative humidities less than 98%. We present two models that may explain the observed water activity-composition relationship equally well. The first model assumes that the aerosol is a pseudo binary mixture of infinitely water soluble compounds and sparingly soluble compounds that gradually enter the solution as dilution increases. The second model is used to compute the Gibbs free energy of the aerosol-water mixture and shows that the aerosol behaves similarly to what can be expected for single compounds that contain a certain fraction of oxygenated and non-polar functional groups.

Determination of fictive binary data for plutonium(IV) nitrate

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Charrin ◽  
Philippe Moisy ◽  
P. Blanc
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Ternary Mixture ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Activity Measurements

A method is described for determining binary data for electrolytes from a study of a ternary mixture. The method is based on the concept of thermodynamically simple solutions and on water activity measurements. An application is described in which binary data for plutonium(IV) nitrate are determined from a ternary mixture of Pu(NO

scholarly journals Widening the gap between measurement and modelling of secondary organic aerosol properties?

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2577-2593 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Good ◽  
D. O. Topping ◽  
J. Duplissy ◽  
M. Gysel ◽  
N. K. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Condensation Nucleus ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nucleus ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Cloud Activation ◽  
Ccn Activity

Abstract. The link between measured sub-saturated hygroscopicity and cloud activation potential of secondary organic aerosol particles produced by the chamber photo-oxidation of α-pinene in the presence or absence of ammonium sulphate seed aerosol was investigated using two models of varying complexity. A simple single hygroscopicity parameter model and a more complex model (incorporating surface effects) were used to assess the detail required to predict the cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) activity from the sub-saturated water uptake. Sub-saturated water uptake measured by three hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyser (HTDMA) instruments was used to determine the water activity for use in the models. The predicted CCN activity was compared to the measured CCN activation potential using a continuous flow CCN counter. Reconciliation using the more complex model formulation with measured cloud activation could be achieved widely different assumed surface tension behavior of the growing droplet; this was entirely determined by the instrument used as the source of water activity data. This unreliable derivation of the water activity as a function of solute concentration from sub-saturated hygroscopicity data indicates a limitation in the use of such data in predicting cloud condensation nucleus behavior of particles with a significant organic fraction. Similarly, the ability of the simpler single parameter model to predict cloud activation behaviour was dependent on the instrument used to measure sub-saturated hygroscopicity and the relative humidity used to provide the model input. However, agreement was observed for inorganic salt solution particles, which were measured by all instruments in agreement with theory. The difference in HTDMA data from validated and extensively used instruments means that it cannot be stated with certainty the detail required to predict the CCN activity from sub-saturated hygroscopicity. In order to narrow the gap between measurements of hygroscopic growth and CCN activity the processes involved must be understood and the instrumentation extensively quality assured. It is impossible to say from the results presented here due to the differences in HTDMA data whether: i) Surface tension suppression occurs ii) Bulk to surface partitioning is important iii) The water activity coefficient changes significantly as a function of the solute concentration.

Statistical Evaluation of Water Activity Measurements Obtained with the Vaisala Humicap Humidity Meter

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 534-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUILLERMO FAVETTO ◽  
SILVIA RESNIK ◽  
JORGE CHIRIFE ◽  
CONSTANTINO FERRO FONTAN
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Activity Measurements

scholarly journals Relating hygroscopicity and composition of organic aerosol particulate matter

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1155-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Duplissy ◽  
P. F. DeCarlo ◽  
J. Dommen ◽  
M. R. Alfarra ◽  
A. Metzger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Photochemical Oxidation ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Hygroscopic Growth ◽  
Atmospheric Models ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Organic Precursors

Abstract. A hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA) was used to measure the water uptake (hygroscopicity) of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed during the chemical and photochemical oxidation of several organic precursors in a smog chamber. Electron ionization mass spectra of the non-refractory submicron aerosol were simultaneously determined with an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), and correlations between the two different signals were investigated. SOA hygroscopicity was found to strongly correlate with the relative abundance of the ion signal m/z 44 expressed as a fraction of total organic signal (f44). m/z 44 is due mostly to the ion fragment CO2+ for all types of SOA systems studied, and has been previously shown to strongly correlate with organic O/C for ambient and chamber OA. The analysis was also performed on ambient OA from two field experiments at the remote site Jungfraujoch, and the megacity Mexico City, where similar results were found. A simple empirical linear relation between the hygroscopicity of OA at subsaturated RH, as given by the hygroscopic growth factor (GF) or "ϰorg" parameter, and f44 was determined and is given by ϰorg = 2.2 × f44 − 0.13. This approximation can be further verified and refined as the database for AMS and HTDMA measurements is constantly being expanded around the world. The use of this approximation could introduce an important simplification in the parameterization of hygroscopicity of OA in atmospheric models, since f44 is correlated with the photochemical age of an air mass.

scholarly journals Evaluation of free water and water activity measurements as functional alternatives to total moisture content in broiler excreta and litter samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 1782-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. van der Hoeven-Hangoor ◽  
C.J. Rademaker ◽  
N.D. Paton ◽  
M.W.A. Verstegen ◽  
W.H. Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Total Moisture Content

scholarly journals In-cloud processes of methacrolein under simulated conditions – Part 3: Hygroscopic and volatility properties of the formed Secondary Organic Aerosol

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 6451-6482 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Michaud ◽  
I. El Haddad ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
K. Sellegri ◽  
P. Laj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Cloud Droplet ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Hygroscopic Growth ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Hygroscopic Properties ◽  
Refractory Compounds ◽  
Global Estimation

Abstract. The hygroscopic and volatility properties of SOA produced from the nebulization of solutions after aqueous phase photooxidation of methacrolein was experimentally studied in laboratory, using a Volatility-Hygroscopicity Tandem DMA (VHTDMA). The obtained SOA were 80% 100°C-volatile after 5 h of reaction and only 20% 100°C-volatile after 22 h of reaction. The Hygroscopic Growth Factor (HGF) of the SOA produced from the nebulization of solutions after aqueous-phase photooxidation of methacrolein is 1.34–1.43, which is significantly higher than the HGF of SOA formed by gas-phase phtooxidation of terpenes, usually found nearly hydrophobic. These hygroscopic properties were confirmed for SOA formed by the nebulization of the same solutions where NaCl was added. The hygroscopic properties of the cloud droplet residuals decrease with the reaction time, in parallel with the formation of more refractory compounds. This decrease was mainly attributed to the 250°C-refractive fraction (presumably representative of the highest molecular weigh compounds), evolved from moderately hygroscopic (HGF of 1.52) to less hygroscopic (HGF of 1.36). Oligomerization is suggested as a process responsible for the decrease of both volatility and hygroscopicity with time. The NaCl seeded experiments enabled us to show that 19±4 mg L−1 of SOA was produced after 9.5 h of reaction and 41±9 mg L−1 after 22 h of in-cloud reaction. Because more and more SOA is formed as the reaction time increases, our results show that the reaction products formed during the aqueous-phase OH-oxidation of methacrolein may play a major role in the properties of residual particles upon droplet's evaporation. Therefore, the specific physical properties of SOA produced during cloud processes should be taken into account for a global estimation of SOA and their atmospheric impacts.

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