Hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nucleus activity of marine aerosol particles over the western North Pacific

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (D6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michihiro Mochida ◽  
Chiharu Nishita-Hara ◽  
Hiroshi Furutani ◽  
Yuzo Miyazaki ◽  
Jinyoung Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Condensation Nucleus ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nucleus ◽  
Marine Aerosol

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Sources of Marine Aerosol over the Western North Pacific Ocean in Winter

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Wei Xiao ◽  
Hua-Yun Xiao ◽  
Chun-Yan Shen ◽  
Zhong-Yi Zhang ◽  
Ai-Min Long
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Marine Atmosphere ◽  
Marine Aerosol

Atmospheric deposition of long-range transported continental substances from natural and anthropogenic sources affects biogeochemical processes in marine systems. Emissions of sea spray contribute aerosol particles to the marine atmosphere. Despite the importance of continental dispersion and atmospheric processes involving aerosol particles within remote marine atmosphere, knowledge of the sources of various water-soluble ions is limited because of insufficient observations. Concentrations of Total suspended particulates (TSPs) and major inorganic ions (Cl−, Na+, SO42−, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, NO3−, NH4+), as well as organic nitrogen (ON-N) values, were measured in marine aerosol collected over the western north Pacific (WNP) during a cruise from 3 December 2014 to 13 March 2015. Aerosol samples were analyzed to determine their chemical characteristics and a source apportionment for this region and the continental influence on the open ocean when air masses are from continent in winter. TSP mass concentrations ranged from 14.1 to 136.0 μg/m3 with an average of 44.8 ± 28.1 μg/m3. Concentrations of TSPs and major ions were higher near the coast (close to Qingdao and Xiamen) and lower over the open ocean. The total mass of inorganic ions and organic nitrogen accounted for 51.1% of the total TSP. Cl− had highest concentrations among the major inorganic ions, followed by SO42−, NO3−, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, and NH4+, respectively. However, Cl− showed a deficit relative to Na+ in most samples, likely related to heterogeneous reactions within the marine atmosphere. Most SO42−, Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ were from sea salt, while other major ions were from continental sources. The non-sea-salt (nss) fractions of Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ were derived from continental crust, while nss-SO42− and NO3− were derived from anthropogenic sources. ON had several sources, including reactions of NOx with volatile organic compounds (anthropogenic sources) or NH3 with gaseous hydrocarbons, as well as crustal and marine biogenic sources.

scholarly journals Droplet activation, separation, and compositional analysis: laboratory studies and atmospheric measurements

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 691-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hiranuma ◽  
M. Kohn ◽  
M. S. Pekour ◽  
D. A. Nelson ◽  
J. E. Shilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Condensation Nucleus ◽  
Polystyrene Latex ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nucleus ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Laser Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Virtual Impactor

Abstract. Droplets produced in a cloud condensation nucleus chamber as a function of supersaturation have been separated from unactivated aerosol particles using counterflow virtual impaction. Residual material after droplets were evaporated was chemically analyzed with an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer and the Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry instrument. Experiments were initially conducted to verify activation conditions for monodisperse ammonium sulfate particles and to determine the resulting droplet size distribution as a function of supersaturation. Based on the observed droplet size, the counterflow virtual impactor cut-size was set to differentiate droplets from unactivated interstitial particles. Validation experiments were then performed to verify that only droplets with sufficient size passed through the counterflow virtual impactor for subsequent analysis. A two-component external mixture of monodisperse particles was also exposed to a supersaturation which would activate one of the types (ammonium sulfate) but not the other (polystyrene latex spheres). The mass spectrum observed after separation indicated only the former, validating separation of droplets from unactivated particles. Results from atmospheric measurements using this technique indicate that aerosol particles often activate predominantly as a function of particle size. Chemical composition is not irrelevant, however, and we observed enhancement of sulfate in droplet residuals using single particle analysis.

scholarly journals Ammonium nitrate evaporation and nitric acid condensation in DMT CCN counters

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1377-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Romakkaniemi ◽  
A. Jaatinen ◽  
A. Laaksonen ◽  
A. Nenes ◽  
T. Raatikainen
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Condensation Nucleus ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nucleus ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Particle Activation ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Ccn Activity

Abstract. The effect of inorganic semivolatile aerosol compounds on the cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) activity of aerosol particles was studied by using a computational model for a DMT-CCN counter, a cloud parcel model for condensation kinetics and experiments to quantify the modelled results. Concentrations of water vapour and semivolatiles as well as aerosol trajectories in the CCN column were calculated by a computational fluid dynamics model. These trajectories and vapour concentrations were then used as an input for the cloud parcel model to simulate mass transfer kinetics of water and semivolatiles between aerosol particles and the gas phase. Two different questions were studied: (1) how big a fraction of semivolatiles is evaporated from particles after entering but before particle activation in the DMT-CCN counter? (2) How much can the CCN activity be increased due to condensation of semivolatiles prior to the maximum water supersaturation in the case of high semivolatile concentration in the gas phase? Both experimental and modelling results show that the evaporation of ammonia and nitric acid from ammonium nitrate particles causes a 10 to 15 nm decrease to the critical particle size in supersaturations between 0.1% and 0.7%. On the other hand, the modelling results also show that condensation of nitric acid or similar vapour can increase the CCN activity of nonvolatile aerosol particles, but a very high gas phase concentration (as compared to typical ambient conditions) would be needed. Overall, it is more likely that the CCN activity of semivolatile aerosol is underestimated than overestimated in the measurements conducted in ambient conditions.

scholarly journals Detection of Aerosol Particles from Siberian Biomass Burning over the Western North Pacific

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1175
Author(s):  
Momoka Yoshizue ◽  
Fumikazu Taketani ◽  
Kouji Adachi ◽  
Yoko Iwamoto ◽  
Yasunori Tohjima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Impact

Carbonaceous aerosol particles emitted from biomass burning (BB) have a large impact on the global climate. In particular, tarball particles (TBs), which are spherical organic aerosol particles, account for a large proportion of aerosol particles from BB. In this study, we collected aerosol particles over the western North Pacific and analyzed them using transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX) to reveal their shape and composition. We detected TBs and organic carbon particles originating from Siberian forest fires. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in which a large number of TBs have been found over the Pacific Ocean far from the BB source. The spherical shapes of the TBs were maintained even after long-range transport. In addition, our individual analysis of TBs showed that the size and composition of TBs differ depending on the air mass origin. The occurrence and microphysical properties of TBs are important to accurately evaluate the impact of TBs on climate. Our results imply that TBs can be transported to the Arctic and have an influence on radiative forcing over the ocean and in the Arctic.

scholarly journals Potential of polarization lidar to provide profiles of CCN- and INP-relevant aerosol parameters

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (23) ◽  
pp. 34149-34204 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mamouri ◽  
A. Ansmann
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Condensation Nucleus ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nucleus ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Marine Aerosol ◽  
Particle Surface Area ◽  
Aerosol Parameters ◽  
Aerosol Types

Abstract. We investigate the potential of polarization lidar to provide vertical profiles of aerosol parameters from which cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) and ice nucleating particle (INP) number concentrations can be estimated. We show that height profiles of number concentrations of aerosol particles with radius > 50 nm (APC50, reservoir of favorable CCN) and with radius > 250 nm (APC250, reservoir of favorable INP), as well as profiles of the aerosol particle surface area concentration (ASC, used in INP parameterization) can be retrieved from lidar-derived aerosol extinction coefficients (AEC) with relative uncertainties of a factor of around 2 (APC50), and of about 25–50 % (APC250, ASC). Of key importance is the potential of polarization lidar to identify mineral dust particles and to distinguish and separate the aerosol properties of basic aerosol types such as mineral dust and continental pollution (haze, smoke). We investigate the relationship between AEC and APC50, APC250, and ASC for the main lidar wavelengths of 355, 532 and 1064 nm and main aerosol types (dust, pollution, marine). Our study is based on multiyear Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) photometer observations of aerosol optical thickness and column-integrated particle size distribution at Leipzig, Germany, and Limassol, Cyprus, which cover all realistic aerosol mixtures of continental pollution, mineral dust, and marine aerosol. We further include AERONET data from field campaigns in Morocco, Cabo Verde, and Barbados, which provide pure dust and pure marine aerosol scenarios. By means of a simple relationship between APC50 and the CCN-reservoir particles (APCCCN) and published INP parameterization schemes (with APC250 and ASC as input) we finally compute APCCCN and INP concentration profiles. We apply the full methodology to a lidar observation of a heavy dust outbreak crossing Cyprus with dust up to 8 km height and to a case during which anthropogenic pollution dominated.

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