scholarly journals Organic tracers of primary biological aerosol particles at subtropical Okinawa Island in the western North Pacific Rim

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 5504-5523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmao Zhu ◽  
Kimitaka Kawamura ◽  
Bhagawati Kunwar
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Pacific Rim ◽  
Okinawa Island ◽  
Biological Aerosol Particles

scholarly journals Effect of biomass burning over the western North Pacific Rim: wintertime maxima of anhydrosugars in ambient aerosols from Okinawa

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1959-1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Zhu ◽  
K. Kawamura ◽  
B. Kunwar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pacific Rim ◽  
Okinawa Island

Abstract. Biomass burning (BB) largely modifies the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols on the globe. We collected aerosol samples (TSP) at Cape Hedo, on subtropical Okinawa Island, from October 2009 to February 2012 to study anhydrosugars as BB tracers. Levoglucosan was detected as the dominant anhydrosugar followed by its isomers, mannosan and galactosan. We found a clear seasonal trend of levoglucosan and mannosan with winter maxima and summer minima. Positive correlation was found between levoglucosan and nss-K+ (r = 0.38, p < 0.001); the latter is another BB tracer. The analyses of air mass trajectories and fire spots demonstrated that the seasonal variations of anhydrosugars are caused by long-range transport of BB emissions from the Asian continent. We found winter maxima of anhydrosugars, which may be associated with open burning and domestic heating and cooking in northern and northeastern China, Mongolia and Russia and with the enhanced westerly winds. The monthly averaged levoglucosan / mannosan ratios were lower (2.1–4.8) in May–June and higher (13.3–13.9) in November–December. The lower values may be associated with softwood burning in northern China, Korea and southwestern Japan whereas the higher values are probably caused by agricultural waste burning of maize straw in the North China Plain. Anhydrosugars comprised 0.22% of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and 0.13% of organic carbon (OC). The highest values to WSOC (0.37%) and OC (0.25%) were found in winter, again indicating an important BB contribution to Okinawa aerosols in winter. This study provides useful information to better understand the effect of East Asian biomass burning on the air quality in the western North Pacific Rim.

scholarly journals Effect of biomass burning over the western North Pacific Rim: wintertime maxima of anhydrosugars in ambient aerosols from Okinawa

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 25581-25616 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Zhu ◽  
K. Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
North China ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pacific Rim ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Okinawa Island

Abstract. Biomass burning (BB) largely modifies the chemical compositions of atmospheric aerosols on the globe. We collected aerosol samples (TSP) at Cape Hedo, subtropical Okinawa Island from October 2009 to February 2012 to study anhydrosugars as BB tracers. Levoglucosan was detected as the dominant anhydrosugar followed by its isomers, mannosan and galactosan. We found a clear seasonal trend of levoglucosan and mannosan with winter maxima and summer minima. Positive correlation was found between levoglucosan and nss-K+ (r = 0.38, p < 0.001); the latter is another BB tracer. The analyses of air mass trajectories and fire spots demonstrated that the seasonal variations of anhydrsosugsars are caused by a long-range transport of BB emissions from the Asian continent. We found winter maxima of anhydrosugars, which may be associated with open burning and domestic heating and cooking in north and northeast China, Mongolia and Russia and with the enhanced westerly. The monthly averaged levoglucosan/mannosan ratios were lower (2.1–4.8) in May–June and higher (13.3–13.9) in November–December. The lower values may be associated with softwood burning in north China, Korea and southwest Japan whereas the higher values are probably caused by agriculture waste burning of maize straw in the North China Plain. Anhydrosugars comprised 0.22% of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and 0.13% of organic carbon (OC). The highest values to WSOC (0.37%) and OC (0.25%) were found in winter, again indicating an important BB contribution to Okinawa aerosols in winter. This study provides useful information to better understand the effect of East Asian biomass burning on the air quality in the western North Pacific Rim.

Hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nucleus activity of marine aerosol particles over the western North Pacific

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (D6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michihiro Mochida ◽  
Chiharu Nishita-Hara ◽  
Hiroshi Furutani ◽  
Yuzo Miyazaki ◽  
Jinyoung Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Condensation Nucleus ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nucleus ◽  
Marine Aerosol

scholarly journals Dicarboxylic acids, oxoacids, benzoic acid, α-dicarbonyls, WSOC, OC, and ions in spring aerosols from Okinawa Island in the western North Pacific Rim: size distributions and formation processes

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (18) ◽  
pp. 26509-26554 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Deshmukh ◽  
K. Kawamura ◽  
M. Lazaar ◽  
B. Kunwar ◽  
S. K. R. Boreddy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pacific Rim ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Coarse Mode ◽  
Fine Mode

Abstract. Size-segregated aerosols (9-stages from < 0.43 to > 11.3 μm in diameter) were collected at Cape Hedo, Okinawa in spring 2008 and analyzed for water-soluble diacids (C2–\\C12), ω-oxoacids (ωC2–ωC9), pyruvic acid, benzoic acid and α-dicarbonyls (C2–C3) as well as water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), organic carbon (OC) and major ions. In all the size-segregated aerosols, oxalic acid (C2) was found as the most abundant species followed by malonic and succinic acids whereas glyoxylic acid (ωC2) was the dominant oxoacid and glyoxal (Gly) was more abundant than methylglyoxal. Diacids (C2–C5), ωC2 and Gly as well as WSOC and OC peaked at 0.65–1.1 μm in fine mode whereas azelaic (C9) and 9-oxononanoic (ωC9) acids peaked at 3.3–4.7 μm in coarse mode. Sulfate and ammonium are enriched in fine mode whereas sodium and chloride are in coarse mode. These results imply that water-soluble species in the marine aerosols could act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) to develop the cloud cover over the western North Pacific Rim. The organic species are likely produced by a combination of gas-phase photooxidation, and aerosol-phase or in-cloud processing during long-range transport. The coarse mode peaks of malonic and succinic acids were obtained in the samples with marine air masses, suggesting that they may be associated with the reaction on sea salt particles. Bimodal size distributions of longer-chain diacid (C9) and oxoacid (ωC9) with a major peak in the coarse mode suggest their production by photooxidation of biogenic unsaturated fatty acids via heterogeneous reactions on sea salt particles.

scholarly journals Detection of Aerosol Particles from Siberian Biomass Burning over the Western North Pacific

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1175
Author(s):  
Momoka Yoshizue ◽  
Fumikazu Taketani ◽  
Kouji Adachi ◽  
Yoko Iwamoto ◽  
Yasunori Tohjima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Impact

Carbonaceous aerosol particles emitted from biomass burning (BB) have a large impact on the global climate. In particular, tarball particles (TBs), which are spherical organic aerosol particles, account for a large proportion of aerosol particles from BB. In this study, we collected aerosol particles over the western North Pacific and analyzed them using transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX) to reveal their shape and composition. We detected TBs and organic carbon particles originating from Siberian forest fires. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in which a large number of TBs have been found over the Pacific Ocean far from the BB source. The spherical shapes of the TBs were maintained even after long-range transport. In addition, our individual analysis of TBs showed that the size and composition of TBs differ depending on the air mass origin. The occurrence and microphysical properties of TBs are important to accurately evaluate the impact of TBs on climate. Our results imply that TBs can be transported to the Arctic and have an influence on radiative forcing over the ocean and in the Arctic.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Sources of Marine Aerosol over the Western North Pacific Ocean in Winter

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Wei Xiao ◽  
Hua-Yun Xiao ◽  
Chun-Yan Shen ◽  
Zhong-Yi Zhang ◽  
Ai-Min Long
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Marine Atmosphere ◽  
Marine Aerosol

Atmospheric deposition of long-range transported continental substances from natural and anthropogenic sources affects biogeochemical processes in marine systems. Emissions of sea spray contribute aerosol particles to the marine atmosphere. Despite the importance of continental dispersion and atmospheric processes involving aerosol particles within remote marine atmosphere, knowledge of the sources of various water-soluble ions is limited because of insufficient observations. Concentrations of Total suspended particulates (TSPs) and major inorganic ions (Cl−, Na+, SO42−, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, NO3−, NH4+), as well as organic nitrogen (ON-N) values, were measured in marine aerosol collected over the western north Pacific (WNP) during a cruise from 3 December 2014 to 13 March 2015. Aerosol samples were analyzed to determine their chemical characteristics and a source apportionment for this region and the continental influence on the open ocean when air masses are from continent in winter. TSP mass concentrations ranged from 14.1 to 136.0 μg/m3 with an average of 44.8 ± 28.1 μg/m3. Concentrations of TSPs and major ions were higher near the coast (close to Qingdao and Xiamen) and lower over the open ocean. The total mass of inorganic ions and organic nitrogen accounted for 51.1% of the total TSP. Cl− had highest concentrations among the major inorganic ions, followed by SO42−, NO3−, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, and NH4+, respectively. However, Cl− showed a deficit relative to Na+ in most samples, likely related to heterogeneous reactions within the marine atmosphere. Most SO42−, Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ were from sea salt, while other major ions were from continental sources. The non-sea-salt (nss) fractions of Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ were derived from continental crust, while nss-SO42− and NO3− were derived from anthropogenic sources. ON had several sources, including reactions of NOx with volatile organic compounds (anthropogenic sources) or NH3 with gaseous hydrocarbons, as well as crustal and marine biogenic sources.

scholarly journals Size distributions of dicarboxylic acids, ketoacids, α-dicarbonyls, sugars, WSOC, OC, EC and inorganic ions in atmospheric particles over Northern Japan: implication for long-range transport of Siberian biomass burning and East Asian polluted aerosols

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 5839-5858 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Agarwal ◽  
S. G. Aggarwal ◽  
K. Okuzawa ◽  
K. Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Pacific Rim

Abstract. To better understand the size-segregated chemical composition of aged organic aerosols in the western North Pacific rim, day- and night-time aerosol samples were collected in Sapporo, Japan during summer 2005 using an Andersen impactor sampler with 5 size bins: Dp<1.1, 1.1–2.0, 2.0–3.3, 3.3–7.0, >7.0 μm. Samples were analyzed for the molecular composition of dicarboxylic acids, ketoacids, α-dicarbonyls, and sugars, together with water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and inorganic ions. Based on the analyses of backward trajectories and chemical tracers, we found that during the campaign, air masses arrived from Siberia (a biomass burning source region) on 8–9 August, from China (an anthropogenic source region) on 9–10 August, and from the East China Sea/Sea of Japan (a mixed source receptor region) on 10–11 August. Most of the diacids, ketoacids, dicarbonyls, levoglucosan, WSOC, and inorganic ions (i.e., SO42−, NH4+ and K+) were enriched in fine particles (PM1.1) whereas Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl− peaked in coarse sizes (>1.1 μm). Interestingly, OC, most sugar compounds and NO3− showed bimodal distributions in fine and coarse modes. In PM1.1, diacids in biomass burning-influenced aerosols transported from Siberia (mean: 252 ng m−3) were more abundant than those in the aerosols originating from China (209 ng m−3) and ocean (142 ng m−3), whereas SO42− concentrations were highest in the aerosols from China (mean: 3970 ng m−3) followed by marine- (2950 ng m−3) and biomass burning-influenced (1980 ng m−3) aerosols. Higher loadings of WSOC (2430 ng m−3) and OC (4360 ng m−3) were found in the fine mode, where biomass-burning products such as levoglucosan are abundant. This paper presents a case study of long-range transported aerosols illustrating that biomass burning episodes in the Siberian region have a significant influence on the chemical composition of carbonaceous aerosols in the western North Pacific rim.

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