Simulation of dust aerosol radiative feedback using the Global Transport Model of Dust: 1. Dust cycle and validation

2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (D10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Yue ◽  
Huijun Wang ◽  
Zifa Wang ◽  
Ke Fan
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Dust Aerosol ◽  
Radiative Feedback ◽  
Global Transport ◽  
Aerosol Radiative

scholarly journals Estimating Aerosol Emissions by Assimilating Remote Sensing Observations into a Global Transport Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 3528-3543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Schutgens ◽  
Makiko Nakata ◽  
Teruyuki Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Global Transport ◽  
Aerosol Emissions

scholarly journals Dust aerosol radiative effects during summer 2012 simulated with a coupled regional aerosol–atmosphere–ocean model over the Mediterranean

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 25351-25410 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Nabat ◽  
S. Somot ◽  
M. Mallet ◽  
M. Michou ◽  
F. Sevault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Dust Aerosol ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Surface Solar Radiation ◽  
Climate System Model ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Daily Variability ◽  
Aerosol Radiative

Abstract. The present study investigates the effects of aerosols on the Mediterranean climate daily variability during summer 2012. Simulations have been carried out using the coupled regional climate system model CNRM-RCSM5 which includes prognostic aerosols, namely desert dust, sea salt, organic, black-carbon and sulfate particles, in addition to the atmosphere, land surface and ocean components. An evaluation of the dust aerosol scheme of CNRM-RCSM5 has been performed against in-situ and satellite measurements. This scheme shows its ability to reproduce the spatial and temporal variability of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the Mediterranean region in summer 2012. Observations from the TRAQA/ChArMEx campaign also show that the model correctly represents dust vertical and size distributions. Thus CNRM-RCSM5 can be used for aerosol–climate studies over the Mediterranean. Here we focus on the effects of dust particles on surface temperature and radiation daily variability. Surface shortwave aerosol radiative forcing variability is found to be more than twice higher over regions affected by dust aerosols, when using a prognostic aerosol scheme instead of a monthly climatology. In this case downward surface solar radiation is also found to be better reproduced according to a comparison with several stations across the Mediterranean. Moreover, the radiative forcing due to the dust outbreaks also causes an extra cooling in land and sea surface temperatures. A composite study has been carried out for 14 stations across the Mediterranean to identify more precisely the differences between dusty days and the set of all the days. Observations show that dusty days receive less radiation at the surface and are warmer than average because of southwesterly fluxes often generating dust outbreaks. Only the simulation using the prognostic aerosol scheme is found to reproduce the observed intensity of the dimming and warming on dusty days. Otherwise, the dimming is underestimated and the warming overestimated.

scholarly journals Aerosol-modulated heat stress in present and future climate of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagnik Dey ◽  
Rohit Kumar Choudhary ◽  
Abhishek Upadhayay ◽  
S. K. Dash
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Radiative Feedback ◽  
Emission Pathway ◽  
Aerosol Loading ◽  
Aerosol Emission

Abstract Heat stress is one of the leading natural causes of mortality in India. Aerosols can potentially impact heat stress by modulating the meteorological conditions via radiative feedback. However, a quantitative understanding of such impact is lacking. Here using a chemical transport model WRF-Chem, we showed that high aerosol loading in India was able to mask the heat stress (quantified by the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature, WBGT) by 0.3-1.5C in 2010 with a regional heterogeneity across the major climate zones in India. However, the cooling effect of aerosol direct radiative forcing is partially compensated by an increase in humidity. To understand the potential impact of air quality improvement (i.e., reducing aerosol load) on heat stress in the future, WBGT was projected for 2030 under two contrasting aerosol emission pathways. We found that the heat stress would increase by >0.75C in all the climate zones in India except in the montane zone under the RCP4.5 scenario with a bigger margin of increase in the mitigation emission pathway relative to the baseline emission pathway. On the contrary, under the RCP8.5 scenario, the heat stress is projected to increase in limited regions such as the tropical wet and dry, north-eastern part of the humid subtropical, tropical wet, and semi-arid climate zone in peninsular India. Our results demonstrate that aerosols modulate heat stress, and therefore, the heat stress projections in India and anywhere else with high aerosol loading should consider aerosol radiative feedback.

scholarly journals Influence of measurement uncertainties on soluble aerosol iron over the oceans

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 14377-14400 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Meskhidze ◽  
M. S. Johnson ◽  
D. Hurley ◽  
K. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Dust Aerosol ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flow Through

Abstract. The atmospheric supply of dust iron (Fe) plays a crucial role in the Earth's biogeochemical cycle and is of specific importance as a micronutrient in the marine environment. Observations show several orders of magnitude variability in the fractional solubility of Fe in dust aerosols, making it hard to assess the role of mineral dust for global ocean biogeochemical Fe cycle. In this study we compare the operational solubility of dust aerosol Fe associated with one of the flow-through leaching protocols to the results of the global 3-D chemical transport model GEOS-Chem. In the protocol aerosol Fe is defined soluble by first deionized water leaching of mineral dust through a 0.45 μm pore size membrane followed by acidification and storage of the leachate over a long period of time prior to the analysis. To assess the concentrations of soluble Fe inferred by this flow-through leaching protocol we are using in situ measurements of dust size distribution with the prescribed of 50 % fractional solubility of Fe in less than 0.45 μm sized dust particles collected in the leachate. In the model, the fractional solubility of Fe is either explicitly calculated using complex dust Fe dissolution module, or prescribed to be 1 and 4 %. Calculations show that the fractional solubility of Fe derived through the flow-through leaching is typically higher compared to the model results. The largest differences (>30 %) are predicted to occur farther away from the dust source regions, over the areas where sub-0.45 μm sized mineral dust particles contribute a larger fraction of the total dust mass. This study suggests that inconsistences in the operational definition of soluble Fe could contribute to the wide range of the fractional solubility of dust aerosol Fe reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Taklimakan dust aerosol radiative heating derived from CALIPSO observations using the Fu-Liou radiation model with CERES constraints

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 4011-4021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Huang ◽  
Q. Fu ◽  
J. Su ◽  
Q. Tang ◽  
P. Minnis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Budget ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Dust Aerosol ◽  
Radiative Heating ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Taklimakan Desert ◽  
Dust Aerosols ◽  
Aerosol Radiative

Abstract. The dust aerosol radiative forcing and heating rate over the Taklimakan Desert in Northwestern China in July 2006 are estimated using the Fu-Liou radiative transfer model along with satellite observations. The vertical distributions of the dust aerosol extinction coefficient are derived from the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) lidar measurements. The CERES (Cloud and the Earth's Energy Budget Scanner) measurements of reflected solar radiation are used to constrain the dust aerosol type in the radiative transfer model, which determines the dust aerosol single-scattering albedo and asymmetry factor as well as the aerosol optical properties' spectral dependencies. We find that the dust aerosols have a significant impact on the radiative energy budget over the Taklimakan desert. In the atmospheres containing light, moderate and heavy dust layers, the dust aerosols heat the atmosphere (daily mean) by up to 1, 2, and 3 K day−1, respectively. The maximum daily mean radiative heating rate reaches 5.5 K day−1 at 5 km on 29 July. The averaged daily mean net radiative effect of the dust are 44.4, −41.9, and 86.3 W m−2, respectively, at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), surface, and in the atmosphere. Among these effects about two thirds of the warming effect at the TOA is related to the longwave radiation, while about 90% of the atmospheric warming is contributed by the solar radiation. At the surface, about one third of the dust solar radiative cooling effect is compensated by its longwave warming effect. The large modifications of radiative energy budget by the dust aerosols over Taklimakan Desert should have important implications for the atmospheric circulation and regional climate, topics for future investigations.

scholarly journals The aerosol radiative effects of uncontrolled combustion of domestic waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 6771-6784 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Kodros ◽  
Rachel Cucinotta ◽  
David A. Ridley ◽  
Christine Wiedinmyer ◽  
Jeffrey R. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Radiative Effect ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Aerosol Indirect Effect ◽  
Waste Combustion ◽  
Cloud Albedo ◽  
Aerosol Radiative

Abstract. Open, uncontrolled combustion of domestic waste is a potentially significant source of aerosol; however, this aerosol source is not generally included in many global emissions inventories. To provide a first estimate of the aerosol radiative impacts from domestic-waste combustion, we incorporate the Wiedinmyer et al. (2014) emissions inventory into GEOS-Chem-TOMAS, a global chemical-transport model with online aerosol microphysics. We find domestic-waste combustion increases global-mean black carbon and organic aerosol concentrations by 8 and 6 %, respectively, and by greater than 40 % in some regions. Due to uncertainties regarding aerosol optical properties, we estimate the globally averaged aerosol direct radiative effect to range from −5 to −20 mW m−2; however, this range increases from −40 to +4 mW m−2 when we consider uncertainties in emission mass and size distribution. In some regions with significant waste combustion, such as India and China, the aerosol direct radiative effect may exceed −0.4 W m−2. Similarly, we estimate a cloud-albedo aerosol indirect effect of −13 mW m−2, with a range of −4 to −49 mW m−2 due to emission uncertainties. In the regions with significant waste combustion, the cloud-albedo aerosol indirect effect may exceed −0.4 W m−2.

scholarly journals Taklimakan dust aerosol radiative heating derived from CALIPSO observations using the Fu-Liou radiation model with CERES constraints

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5967-6001 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Huang ◽  
Q. Fu ◽  
J. Su ◽  
Q. Tang ◽  
P. Minnis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Dust Aerosol ◽  
Radiative Heating ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Taklimakan Desert ◽  
Aerosol Radiative

Abstract. The dust aerosol radiative forcing and heating rate over the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China in July 2006 are estimated using the Fu-Liou radiative transfer model along with satellite observations. The vertical distributions of the dust aerosol extinction coefficient are derived from the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) lidar measurements. The CERES (Cloud and the Earth's Energy Budget Scanner) measurements of reflected solar radiation are used to constrain the dust aerosol type in the radiative transfer model, which determines the dust aerosol single-scattering albedo and asymmetry factor as well as the aerosol optical properties spectral dependencies. We find that the dust aerosol radiative heating and effect have a significant impact on the energy budget over the Taklimakan desert. In the atmospheres containing light, moderate and heavy dust layers, the dust aerosols heat the atmosphere by up to 1, 2, and 3 K day−1, respectively. The maximum daily mean radiative heating rate reaches 5.5 K day−1 at 5 km on 29 July. The averaged daily mean net radiative effect of the dust are 44.4, −41.9, and 86.3 W m−2, respectively, at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), surface, and in the atmosphere. Among these effects about two thirds of the warming effect at the TOA is related to the longwave radiation, while about 90% of the atmospheric warming is contributed by the solar radiation. At the surface, about one third of the dust solar radiative cooling effect is compensated by its longwave warming effect. The large modifications of radiative energy budget by the dust aerosols over Taklimakan Desert should have important implications for the atmospheric circulation and regional climate, topics for future investigations.

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