Environmental drivers of spatial variation in whole-tree transpiration in an aspen-dominated upland-to-wetland forest gradient

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Loranty ◽  
D. Scott Mackay ◽  
Brent E. Ewers ◽  
Jonathan D. Adelman ◽  
Eric L. Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Wetland Forest ◽  
Tree Transpiration ◽  
Whole Tree

scholarly journals Spatial & Temporal Patterns of Microplastic Pollution in Wellington, New Zealand, and the Southern Ocean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Caitlyn Shannon
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽  
Beach Sediments ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

<p>The global marine environment is currently facing unprecedented anthropomorphic change and stress. One such stressor is plastic pollution, which has continually increased in magnitude since mass production began in the 1940’s. An increase in plastic debris throughout the oceans not only results in an infiltration of the pollutants throughout the entirety of the marine environment, but also increases the risk that it impacts the physiological, structural, and behavioural traits of various organisms – including humans. These negative interactions are particularly likely with microplastic particles (< 5 mm), as they can enter and be transferred throughout the food web with ease. However, research in the field of microplastic pollution is extremely one-sided, with most present studies focusing on the Northern Hemisphere. Additionally, comparatively little has been investigated regarding temporal and spatial patterns of microplastic occurrence. The aim of this research was to 1) examine the abundance and distribution of synthetic particles in sub-surface waters of the Southern Ocean, across broad temporal and spatial scales and 2) examine finer-scale spatial and temporal patterns of microplastic load within the urbanised Wellington Harbour, New Zealand, using a combination of environmental and biological indicators.  To assess the broad-scales of temporal and spatial variation in the Southern Ocean, annual Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) tows were undertaken between New Zealand waters and the Ross Sea, Antarctica, over a span of 9 years (the austral summers of 2009/10 – 2017/18) and a range of 5 oceanographic zones and two frontal systems, totalling a distance of approximately 22,000 km. Overall, patterns were inconsistent, with no constant increase or decrease in load throughout the years, while spatial variation was minimal and not associated with particular oceanographic fronts or proximity to an urban area. Despite no consistent spatial variation, temporal differences did occur between years. Again, there were no identifiably consistent trends across years (i.e. a gradual increase), but there was a substantial peak in 2009/10 and a trough in 2012/13. Such changes are likely due to large-scale variations in ocean circulation systems, along with environmental drivers such as El Niño and La Niña events.  To investigate the microplastic load in a more urbanised environment, 3-monthly surveys were undertaken with surface waters, beach sediments, and M. gallloprovincialis mussels in Wellington Harbour, New Zealand, using samples from three sites for beach and mussel surveys, and two sites for the surface water tows. Weekly variation was also measured for beach sediments and mussel tissues. Again, no consistency was observed in temporal or spatial variation for any environmental or biological indicator, however the average pollutant loads were on par with reported results in other literature, particularly for M. galloprovincialis tissues. Temporally, the peak microplastic load in the tissues of the mussel, M. galloprovincialis, appeared to correlate with the peak load found within the surface waters of the harbour, indicating a possible relationship between plastic pollution in the environment and that which is found within organisms. Finally, the spatial variation observed within beach sediments was far larger than that seen throughout the mussel tissues, supporting the idea that beach sediments are microplastic sinks, but also susceptible to a range of environmental drivers including wind strength, wind direction, and sediment erosion.  Throughout the Southern Ocean and within Wellington Harbour, particle characteristics were similar, in that microfibres were the prevailing synthetic morphotype – accounting for upwards of 90% of all particles found. These results are similar to reports from other current literature, but not associated with public knowledge that is currently in the media and represented in the legislation. The results of this thesis illustrate the importance of monitoring and managing the occurrence and effect of microplastics on both fine- and broad-scales of temporal and spatial variation and helps address the knowledge gap surrounding microplastics in the Southern Hemisphere.</p>

Continuous measurement of whole-tree water balance for studying urban tree transpiration

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (17) ◽  
pp. 3056-3068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Asawa ◽  
Tomoki Kiyono ◽  
Akira Hoyano
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Urban Tree ◽  
Tree Transpiration ◽  
Whole Tree

Diversity and the environmental drivers of spatial variation in Bacteria and micro-Eukarya communities from the Hawaiian anchialine ecosystem

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 806 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Hoffman ◽  
Kiley W. Seitz ◽  
Justin C. Havird ◽  
David A. Weese ◽  
Scott R. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Environmental Drivers

Xylem hydraulic properties in subtropical coniferous trees influence radial patterns of sap flow: implications for whole tree transpiration estimates using sap flow sensors

Trees ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien Guyot ◽  
Kasper T. Ostergaard ◽  
Junliang Fan ◽  
Nadia S. Santini ◽  
David A. Lockington
Keyword(s):  
Sap Flow ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Flow Sensors ◽  
Coniferous Trees ◽  
Tree Transpiration ◽  
Sap Flow Sensors ◽  
Whole Tree

scholarly journals Effects of size and microclimate on whole-tree water use and hydraulic regulation inSchima superbatrees

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5164
Author(s):  
Xiao-wei Zhao ◽  
Lei Ouyang ◽  
Ping Zhao ◽  
Chun-fang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Canopy Conductance ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Sap Flux Density ◽  
Tree Water Use ◽  
Tree Transpiration ◽  
Whole Tree

BackgroundPlant-water relations have been of significant concern in forestry and ecology studies in recent years, yet studies investigating the annual differences in the characteristics of inter-class water consumption in trees are scarce.MethodsWe classified 15 trees from aSchima superbaplantation in subtropical South China into four ranks using diameter at breast height (DBH). The inter-class and whole-tree water use were compared based on three parameters: sap flux density, whole-tree transpiration and canopy transpiration over two years. Inter-class hydraulic parameters, such as leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, hydraulic conductance, and canopy conductance were also compared.Results(1) Mean water consumption of the plantation was 287.6 mm over a year, 165.9 mm in the wet season, and 121.7 mm in the dry season. Annual mean daily water use was 0.79 mm d−1, with a maximum of 1.39 mm d−1. (2) Isohydrodynamic behavior were found inS. superba. (3) Transpiration was regulated via both hydraulic conductance and stoma; however, there was an annual difference in which predominantly regulated transpiration.DiscussionThis study quantified annual and seasonal water use of aS. superbaplantation and revealed the coordinated effect of stoma and hydraulic conductance on transpiration. These results provide information for large-scale afforestation and future water management.

Rubber Trees Affected by Necrotic Tapping Panel Dryness Exhibit Poor Transpiration Regulation under Atmospheric Drought

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Supat Isarangkool Na Ayutthaya ◽  
Frederic C. Do
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Predawn Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Tree Transpiration ◽  
Tapping Panel Dryness ◽  
Whole Tree

The objective was to study the responses in water status and transpiration regulation of rubber trees affected by the necrotic Tapping Panel Dryness (N) by comparison with healthy trees (H). The experiment was done with 5 N trees and 5 H trees of clone RRIM600 during well soil watered periods differing in evaporative demand intensity, May and August 2007. The study compared predawn leaf water potential (ψpd), midday leaf water potential (ψmid), whole tree hydraulic conductance (K), midday sapflow density (Js) and tree transpiration (ET) with the average girth size 51.54 cm of H tree and 52.66 cm of N tree. These variables, investigated in the high evaporative demand day (ETO = 3.71 mm day-1) on 23 May 2007 and low evaporative demand day (ETO = 1.75 mm day-1) on 22 Aug 2007, did not significantly differ between tree types. However, over a long period, in high evaporative demand, ET tended to be higher in N trees. Expression of ET versus ETO confirmed different relationships between the two tree types with a higher plateau of maximum transpiration for N trees. Our results suggested that individuals with relatively poor transpiration regulation could be more sensitive to necrotic Tapping Panel Dryness syndrome.

Implications of leaf-scale physiology for whole tree transpiration under seasonal flooding and drought in central Cambodia

2014 ◽  
Vol 198-199 ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Miyazawa ◽  
Makiko Tateishi ◽  
Hikaru Komatsu ◽  
Fumiko Iwanaga ◽  
Nobuya Mizoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Flooding ◽  
Tree Transpiration ◽  
Whole Tree
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