scholarly journals Argo profiling floats bring new era of in situ ocean observations

Eos ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (19) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gould ◽  
Dean Roemmich ◽  
Susan Wijffels ◽  
Howard Freeland ◽  
Mark Ignaszewsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Era ◽  
Ocean Observations

scholarly journals The Rise of the OM-LoC: Opto-Microfluidic Enabled Lab-on-Chip

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1467
Author(s):  
Harry Dawson ◽  
Jinane Elias ◽  
Pascal Etienne ◽  
Sylvie Calas-Etienne
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Components ◽  
New Era ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Optical Circuits ◽  
Made In

The integration of optical circuits with microfluidic lab-on-chip (LoC) devices has resulted in a new era of potential in terms of both sample manipulation and detection at the micro-scale. On-chip optical components increase both control and analytical capabilities while reducing reliance on expensive laboratory photonic equipment that has limited microfluidic development. Notably, in-situ LoC devices for bio-chemical applications such as diagnostics and environmental monitoring could provide great value as low-cost, portable and highly sensitive systems. Multiple challenges remain however due to the complexity involved with combining photonics with micro-fabricated systems. Here, we aim to highlight the progress that optical on-chip systems have made in recent years regarding the main LoC applications: (1) sample manipulation and (2) detection. At the same time, we aim to address the constraints that limit industrial scaling of this technology. Through evaluating various fabrication methods, material choices and novel approaches of optic and fluidic integration, we aim to illustrate how optic-enabled LoC approaches are providing new possibilities for both sample analysis and manipulation.

The Virtual Hand

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Control Engineer ◽  
Hand Surgery ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Computer Scientist ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Real ◽  
Clinical Environments ◽  
Joint Prostheses ◽  
Real Hand

Virtual reality technologies are now at a stage in which the various disciplines can be brought together to construct a virtual human hand. Devices can be constructed to record multiple joint positions accurately in clinical environments. Joint prostheses may be tested virtually before undergoing clinical trials, albeit in a simple way at present, but may eventually be incorporated into a virtual model of the hand and driven by goniometric gloves. This will allow more detailed analyses of implant in situ behaviour. These exciting developments will provide a huge advance in our understanding of the functions of the real hand and also a potential way of assessing outcomes in a simple and repeatable fashion. We are on the edge of a new era in hand surgery when the computer scientist, biomechanic, control engineer, hand therapist and surgeon will be able to alternate between the virtual and the real world in producing better outcomes for patients.

scholarly journals Cell-Based Transplantation versus Cell Homing Approaches for Pulp-Dentin Complex Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Geraldine M. Ahmed ◽  
Eman A. Abouauf ◽  
Nermeen AbuBakr ◽  
Asmaa M. Fouad ◽  
Christof E. Dörfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Cell Homing ◽  
New Era ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Regenerative Dentistry ◽  
Pulp Vitality ◽  
Regenerative Therapies

Regenerative dentistry has paved the way for a new era for the replacement of damaged dental tissues. Whether the causative factor is dental caries, trauma, or chemical insult, the loss of the pulp vitality constitutes one of the major health problems worldwide. Two regenerative therapies were introduced for a fully functional pulp-dentin complex regeneration, namely, cell-based (cell transplantation) and cell homing (through revascularization or homing by injection of stem cells in situ or intravenously) therapies, with each demonstrating advantages as well as drawback, especially in clinical application. The present review is aimed at elaborating on these two techniques in the treatment of irreversibly inflamed or necrotic pulp, which is aimed at regenerating a fully functional pulp-dentin complex.

scholarly journals E-Skin: The Dawn of a New Era of On-Body Monitoring Systems

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1091
Author(s):  
Alina-Cristina Bunea ◽  
Violeta Dediu ◽  
Edwin Alexandru Laszlo ◽  
Florian Pistriţu ◽  
Mihaela Carp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Signals ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
New Era ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Wearable Systems ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Electric Signals

Real-time “on-body” monitoring of human physiological signals through wearable systems developed on flexible substrates (e-skin) is the next target in human health control and prevention, while an alternative to bulky diagnostic devices routinely used in clinics. The present work summarizes the recent trends in the development of e-skin systems. Firstly, we revised the material development for e-skin systems. Secondly, aspects related to fabrication techniques were presented. Next, the main applications of e-skin systems in monitoring, such as temperature, pulse, and other bio-electric signals related to health status, were analyzed. Finally, aspects regarding the power supply and signal processing were discussed. The special features of e-skin as identified contribute clearly to the developing potential as in situ diagnostic tool for further implementation in clinical practice at patient personal levels.

Variations of surface waters characteristics in the Eastern Arctic Ocean in 2010-2019 at different scales: in situ and satellite study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Tarasenko ◽  
Alexandre Supply ◽  
Jacqueline Boutin ◽  
Nikita Kusse-Tiuz ◽  
Mikhail Makhotin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Danish Meteorological Institute ◽  
Ocean Observations

<p>The last 10 years of Arctic Ocean observations showed the dramatic changes and new records of the sea ice minimum. The largest variations were observed in the Eastern Arctic: the Kara, the Laptev, the East-Siberian seas. This region is a key area of the important freshwater input from the great Siberian rivers (Ob’, Yenisei, Lena). This remote area remains one of the less studied in the Arctic Ocean, although several regular expeditions (such as NABOS or Transdrift) together with special expeditions following the Northern Route, such as Tara-2013 expedition, or recent Transarktika-2019 expedition help to monitor the changes of surface waters in recent years.</p><p>The use of new satellite-derived datasets, (e.g., SST blended product from Danish Meteorological Institute or REMSS, SSS SMOS from LOCEAN University of Sorbonne) fill the gaps and help to better understand the complex dynamics of surface waters in the Eastern Arctic ocean.</p><p>In this work, we discuss the surface waters variations using in situ and satellite data at different scales.  Synoptic scales are studied with continuous and point in situ measurements (thermosalinographs and CTD data). The recent scientific results of Transarktika-2019 expedition are presented. In the summer season of 2019 (July-October) Transarktika expedition did oceanographic measurements following the Northern Route twice, from Vladivistok to Murmansk and back to Vladivostok. The seasonal variations are analyzed over the period of 10 years, comparing with climatological data. The difference between the climatological values of SST or SSS can reach 5 or more units in some areas of the Eastern Arctic. The results of interannual variations analysis using satellite data, suggest the salinification (“Atlantification”) of the southern areas and freshening of the northern parts of the Eastern Arctic.</p><p>The development of SSS SMOS Arctic product was supported by the French CNES-TOSCA SMOS-OCEAN project. Anastasiia Tarasenko, Nikita Kusse-Tiuz, Mikhail Makhotin and Vladimir Ivanov acknowledge financial support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, project RFMEFI61619X0108</p>

scholarly journals Recellularization of decellularized heart valves: Progress toward the tissue-engineered heart valve

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204173141772632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell C VeDepo ◽  
Michael S Detamore ◽  
Richard A Hopkins ◽  
Gabriel L Converse
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Mechanical Conditioning ◽  
New Era ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valve ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valves

The tissue-engineered heart valve portends a new era in the field of valve replacement. Decellularized heart valves are of great interest as a scaffold for the tissue-engineered heart valve due to their naturally bioactive composition, clinical relevance as a stand-alone implant, and partial recellularization in vivo. However, a significant challenge remains in realizing the tissue-engineered heart valve: assuring consistent recellularization of the entire valve leaflets by phenotypically appropriate cells. Many creative strategies have pursued complete biological valve recellularization; however, identifying the optimal recellularization method, including in situ or in vitro recellularization and chemical and/or mechanical conditioning, has proven difficult. Furthermore, while many studies have focused on individual parameters for increasing valve interstitial recellularization, a general understanding of the interacting dynamics is likely necessary to achieve success. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to explore and compare the various processing strategies used for the decellularization and subsequent recellularization of tissue-engineered heart valves.

scholarly journals Neural Networks Technique for Filling Gaps in Satellite Measurements: Application to Ocean Color Observations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Krasnopolsky ◽  
Sudhir Nadiga ◽  
Avichal Mehra ◽  
Eric Bayler ◽  
David Behringer
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Color ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Cheap Method ◽  
Sensitivity Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ocean Observations ◽  
Satellite Ocean Color

A neural network (NN) technique to fill gaps in satellite data is introduced, linking satellite-derived fields of interest with other satellites andin situphysical observations. Satellite-derived “ocean color” (OC) data are used in this study because OC variability is primarily driven by biological processes related and correlated in complex, nonlinear relationships with the physical processes of the upper ocean. Specifically, ocean color chlorophyll-a fields from NOAA’s operational Visible Imaging Infrared Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) are used, as well as NOAA and NASA ocean surface and upper-ocean observations employed—signatures of upper-ocean dynamics. An NN transfer function is trained, using global data for two years (2012 and 2013), and tested on independent data for 2014. To reduce the impact of noise in the data and to calculate a stable NN Jacobian for sensitivity studies, an ensemble of NNs with different weights is constructed and compared with a single NN. The impact of the NN training period on the NN’s generalization ability is evaluated. The NN technique provides an accurate and computationally cheap method for filling in gaps in satellite ocean color observation fields and time series.

scholarly journals Investigating Lunar Boulders at the Apollo 17 Landing Site Using Photogrammetry and Virtual Reality

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1900
Author(s):  
Stéphane Le Mouélic ◽  
Pauline Enguehard ◽  
Harrison H. Schmitt ◽  
Gwénaël Caravaca ◽  
Benoît Seignovert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Game Engine ◽  
Web Based ◽  
New Era ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Scanned Images

The Taurus-Littrow valley on the Moon was the location of intensive geologic fieldwork during three days in December 1972. In situ activities at sampling stations were systematically documented by the astronauts using a series of overlapping images taken with their Hasselblad cameras. We investigated how this Apollo image archive can be used to perform 3-D reconstructions of several boulders of interest using close-range photogrammetry. We specifically focused on seven different boulders located at Stations 2, 6, and 7, at the foot of South and North Massifs, respectively. These boulders represent samples from highland materials, which rolled down the slopes of the surrounding hills. We used the Agisoft Metashape software to compute 3-D reconstructions of these boulders, using 173 scanned images as input. We then used either a web-based platform or a game engine to render the models in virtual reality. This allowed the users to walk around the boulders and to investigate in detail their morphology, fractures, vesicles, color variations, and sampling spots, as if standing directly in front of them with the astronauts. This work suggests that many features can be reconstructed in other sites of the Apollo missions, so as other robotic landing sites. Virtual reality techniques coupled to photogrammetry is thus opening a new era of exploration, both for past and future landing sites.

scholarly journals Next Generation Sequencing: Potential and Application in Drug Discovery

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navneet Kumar Yadav ◽  
Pooja Shukla ◽  
Ankur Omer ◽  
Shruti Pareek ◽  
R. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Drug Discovery Process ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
New Era ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Oligonucleotide Detection ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The world has now entered into a new era of genomics because of the continued advancements in the next generation high throughput sequencing technologies, which includes sequencing by synthesis-fluorescent in situ sequencing (FISSEQ), pyrosequencing, sequencing by ligation using polony amplification, supported oligonucleotide detection (SOLiD), sequencing by hybridization along with sequencing by ligation, and nanopore technology. Great impacts of these methods can be seen for solving the genome related problems of plant and animal kingdom that will open the door of a new era of genomics. This may ultimately overcome the Sanger sequencing that ruled for 30 years. NGS is expected to advance and make the drug discovery process more rapid.

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