scholarly journals Investigating Lunar Boulders at the Apollo 17 Landing Site Using Photogrammetry and Virtual Reality

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1900
Author(s):  
Stéphane Le Mouélic ◽  
Pauline Enguehard ◽  
Harrison H. Schmitt ◽  
Gwénaël Caravaca ◽  
Benoît Seignovert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Game Engine ◽  
Web Based ◽  
New Era ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Scanned Images

The Taurus-Littrow valley on the Moon was the location of intensive geologic fieldwork during three days in December 1972. In situ activities at sampling stations were systematically documented by the astronauts using a series of overlapping images taken with their Hasselblad cameras. We investigated how this Apollo image archive can be used to perform 3-D reconstructions of several boulders of interest using close-range photogrammetry. We specifically focused on seven different boulders located at Stations 2, 6, and 7, at the foot of South and North Massifs, respectively. These boulders represent samples from highland materials, which rolled down the slopes of the surrounding hills. We used the Agisoft Metashape software to compute 3-D reconstructions of these boulders, using 173 scanned images as input. We then used either a web-based platform or a game engine to render the models in virtual reality. This allowed the users to walk around the boulders and to investigate in detail their morphology, fractures, vesicles, color variations, and sampling spots, as if standing directly in front of them with the astronauts. This work suggests that many features can be reconstructed in other sites of the Apollo missions, so as other robotic landing sites. Virtual reality techniques coupled to photogrammetry is thus opening a new era of exploration, both for past and future landing sites.

scholarly journals Mariner 6 and 7 television pictures: Preliminary analysis

1971 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 259-294
Author(s):  
R. B. Leighton ◽  
N. H. Horowitz ◽  
B. C. Murray ◽  
R. P. Sharp ◽  
A. H. Herriman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Directional Antenna ◽  
The Moon ◽  
New Era ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Range Study

Before the space era, Mars was thought to be like the earth; after Mariner 4, Mars seemed to be like the moon; Mariners 6 and 7 have shown Mars to have its own distinctive features, unknown elsewhere within the solar system.The successful flyby of Mariner 4 past Mars in July 1965 opened a new era in the close-range study of planetary surfaces with imaging techniques. In spite of the limited return of data, Mariner 4 established the basic workability of one such technique, which involved use of a vidicon image tube, on-board digitization of the video signal, storage of the data on magnetic tape, transmission to the earth at reduced bit rate by way of a directional antenna, and reconstruction into a picture under computer control. Even though the Mariner 4 pictures covered only about 1% of Mars's area, they contributed significantly to our knowledge of that planet's surface and history [1, 2, 15, 17].

scholarly journals Landing Site Selection and Overview of China’s Lunar Landing Missions

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Liu ◽  
Xingguo Zeng ◽  
Chunlai Li ◽  
Xin Ren ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Lunar Landing ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Landing Site Selection

AbstractLanding site selection is of fundamental importance for lunar landing mission and it is closely related to the scientific goals of the mission. According to the widely concerned lunar science goals and the landing site selection of the ongoing lunar missions; China has carried out the selection of landing site for a series of Chang’ E (CE) missions. Under this background, this paper firstly introduced the principles, process, method and result of landing site selection of China’s Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP), and then analyzed the support of the selected landing sites to the corresponding lunar research. This study also pointed out the outcomes that could possibly contribute to the key lunar questions on the basis of the selected landing sites of CE-4 and CE-5 such as deep material in South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin, lunar chronology, volcanic thermodynamics and geological structure evolution history of the Moon. Finally, this approach analyzed the development trend of China’s follow-up lunar landing missions, and suggested that the South Pole Region of the Moon could be the landing site of high priority for the future CE missions.

scholarly journals Thermophysical Features of the Rümker Region in Northern Oceanus Procellarum: Insights from CE-2 CELMS Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3272
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Meng ◽  
Jietao Lei ◽  
Yuqi Qian ◽  
Long Xiao ◽  
James W. Head ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brightness Temperature ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Age Dating ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Geological Boundaries ◽  
Scientific Value

The Rümker region is located in the northern Oceanus Procellarum, which has been selected as the landing and sampling region for China’s Chang’e-5 (CE-5) mission. The thermophysical features of the mare units are studied in detail using the brightness temperature (TB) maps (TB, normalized TB, TB difference) derived from the CE-2 microwave radiometer data. The previously interpreted geological boundaries of the Rümker region are revisited in this study according to their TB behaviors: IR1, IR2, and IR3 Rümker plateau units are combined into one single unit (IR); and a hidden unit is found on the Mons Rümker; Mare basaltic units Im1 and Em1 are combined into Em1; and Em2 is more likely the extending of Im2. Each of the previous proposed landing sites and their scientific value are summarized and reevaluated. Based on this, four landing sites are recommended in order to maximize the scientific outcome of the CE-5 mission. We suggest that the Eratosthenian-aged Em4 and Em1 units as the top priority landing site for the CE-5 mission; the age-dating results will provide important clues concerning the thermal evolution of the Moon.

scholarly journals Check list of the marine commercial and reef fishes of Belitung Timur, Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmy Akbar ◽  
Jailani Jailani ◽  
Iwan Suyatna ◽  
Destilawaty Destilawaty ◽  
Singgih Afifa Putra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fish ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Underwater Visual Census ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Landing Sites

Marine fish community is very sensitive to environmental changes. So the number of species, abundance, and biodiversity index can be used as a reference to assess the quality of the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to describe fish biodiversity in Belitung Timur, Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia. Three islands were visited i.e. Pekandis Island, and Keran Island, Gosong Semut (Gosong refers to sandbar) for reef fish survey and for the economical fish study we also visited fisheries landing sites (i.e. Teluk Pering, Tanjung Batu Pulas, and Pantai Burung Mandi). The underwater visual census was used for in situ surveys of reef fish, and the fish species landed in fisheries landing site also been checked. Forty-two families of economical fish that had been landed by local fishermen were identified, and ten families of reef fish were found in reef systems of research location. A total of 10 families were recorded from three islands in Belitung Timur Regency. In addition, 42 families of commercial fish were also observed in fish landing sites from the coastline of Belitung Timur Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands.

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Simulasi Manasik Haji Berbasis Virtual 3D

Sainteks ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pajar Sidiq ◽  
Hindayati Mustafidah
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Game Engine ◽  
3D Game ◽  
Unity 3D

Haji merupakan rukun Islam yang kelima yang wajib dilaksanakan oleh seorang muslim yang telah mampu melaksanakannya. Manasik haji pada dasarnya adalah memberikan pelajaran atau informasi mengenai tata cara melaksanakan ibadah haji, sehingga tidak hanya terbatas pada calon jama’ah haji, biasanya masyarakat beragama muslim mempelajari tata cara melaksanakan ibadah haji dengan menggunakan buku-buku atau dengan cara memperagakan langsung dengan cara mensimulasikan tata cara ibadah haji sesuai dengan kondisi yang sebenarnya. Namun banyak kalangan masyarakat muslim yang enggan mendalami manasik haji, dikarenakan beberapa hal seperti tidak adanya waktu, dan kurangnya minat mempelajari dikarenakan kurang menarik dan tidak praktis. Dari hal tersebut sehingga muncul ide untuk membuat aplikasi simulasi manasik haji berbasis virtual 3D, aplikasi ini berisi tentang simulasi untuk rukun haji. Aplikasi manasik haji berbasis virtual reality ini dirancang dan dibuat dengan menggunakan software 3Ds Max dan unity 3D Game Engine. Hasil penelitian berupa aplikasi manasik haji yang dapat menampilkan simulasi virtual reality, yang meliputi simulasi tiba di bandara, Wukuf di Arafah, Mabit di Muzdalifah, Mabit di Mina, Jumrah, Tawaf, Sa’i dan simulasi Tahallul. Dengan adanya aplikasi ini diharapkan akan terjadi peningkatan minat masyarakat dalam mempelajari tata cara pelaksanaan ibadah haji.Kata kunci : virtual reality, manasik haji, simulasi, 3D.

Eye movements in sports research and practice: Immersive technologies as optimal environments for the study of gaze behaviour

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Harris ◽  
Mark Wilson ◽  
Tim Holmes ◽  
Toby de Burgh ◽  
Samuel James Vine
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Experimental Control ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Gaze Behaviour ◽  
Immersive Technologies

Head-mounted eye tracking has been fundamental for developing an understanding of sporting expertise, as the way in which performers sample visual information from the environment is a major determinant of successful performance. There is, however, a long running tension between the desire to study realistic, in-situ gaze behaviour and the difficulties of acquiring accurate ocular measurements in dynamic and fast-moving sporting tasks. Here, we describe how immersive technologies, such as virtual reality, offer an increasingly compelling approach for conducting eye movement research in sport. The possibility of studying gaze behaviour in representative and realistic environments, but with high levels of experimental control, could enable significant strides forward for eye tracking in sport and improve understanding of how eye movements underpin sporting skills. By providing a rationale for virtual reality as an optimal environment for eye tracking research, as well as outlining practical considerations related to hardware, software and data analysis, we hope to guide researchers and practitioners in the use of this approach.

LIRKIS Global Collaborative Virtual Environments: Current State and Utilization Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Marián Hudák ◽  
Štefan Korečko ◽  
Branislav Sobota
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Collaborative Virtual Environments ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Smart Client ◽  
Input Devices ◽  
User Input ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shared Virtual Environments

AbstractRecent advances in the field of web technologies, including the increasing support of virtual reality hardware, have allowed for shared virtual environments, reachable by just entering a URL in a browser. One contemporary solution that provides such a shared virtual reality is LIRKIS Global Collaborative Virtual Environments (LIRKIS G-CVE). It is a web-based software system, built on top of the A-Frame and Networked-Aframe frameworks. This paper describes LIRKIS G-CVE and introduces its two original components. The first one is the Smart-Client Interface, which turns smart devices, such as smartphones and tablets, into input devices. The advantage of this component over the standard way of user input is demonstrated by a series of experiments. The second component is the Enhanced Client Access layer, which provides access to positions and orientations of clients that share a virtual environment. The layer also stores a history of connected clients and provides limited control over the clients. The paper also outlines an ongoing experiment aimed at an evaluation of LIRKIS G-CVE in the area of virtual prototype testing.

scholarly journals Rock Location and Property Analysis of Lunar Regolith at Chang’E-4 Landing Site Based on Local Correlation and Semblance Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Hanjie Song ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Jinhai Zhang ◽  
Xing Wu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Lunar Regolith ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Local Correlation ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Property Analysis ◽  
Stratigraphic Division ◽  
Formation And Evolution

The Lunar Penetrating Radar (LPR) onboard the Yutu-2 rover from China’s Chang’E-4 (CE-4) mission is used to probe the subsurface structure and the near-surface stratigraphic structure of the lunar regolith on the farside of the Moon. Structural analysis of regolith could provide abundant information on the formation and evolution of the Moon, in which the rock location and property analysis are the key procedures during the interpretation of LPR data. The subsurface velocity of electromagnetic waves is a vital parameter for stratigraphic division, rock location estimates, and calculating the rock properties in the interpretation of LPR data. In this paper, we propose a procedure that combines the regolith rock extraction technique based on local correlation between the two sets of LPR high-frequency channel data and the common offset semblance analysis to determine the velocity from LPR diffraction hyperbola. We consider the heterogeneity of the regolith and derive the relative permittivity distribution based on the rock extraction and semblance analysis. The numerical simulation results show that the procedure is able to obtain the high-precision position and properties of the rock. Furthermore, we apply this procedure to CE-4 LPR data and obtain preferable estimations of the rock locations and the properties of the lunar subsurface regolith.

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