scholarly journals The correlation of plasma density distributions over 5000 km with solar illumination of the ionosphere: Solar cycle and zenith angle observations

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Johnson ◽  
J. R. Wygant
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Plasma Density ◽  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Density Distributions

Measurements of 2-Dimensional Plasma Density Distributions by the Phase-Imaging Method in GAMMA 10

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (2T) ◽  
pp. 277-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nakahara ◽  
M. Yoshikawa ◽  
Y. Shima ◽  
T. Matsumoto ◽  
A. Nakahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Density ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Phase Imaging ◽  
Density Distributions

scholarly journals Lateral density distributions of muons and electrons in EAS from the KASCADE-Grande data for different zenith angle intervals.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rivera-Rangel ◽  
Juan Carlos Arteaga-Velázquez ◽  
for the KASCADE-Grande Collaboration
Keyword(s):  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Density Distributions

Variations in the Ionospheric Peak Altitude at Mars in Response to Dust Storms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Girazian ◽  
Z Luppen ◽  
D D Morgan ◽  
F Chu ◽  
L Montabone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Solar Zenith Angle ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Mars Express

Previous observations have shown that, during Martian dust storms, the peak of the ionosphere rises in altitude. Observational studies of this type, however, have been extremely limited. Using 13 years of ionospheric peak altitude data from the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) instrument on Mars Express, we study how the peak altitude responded to dust storms during six different Mars Years (MY). We find that the peak altitude increased during regional dust storms in MY 27 and MY 33, and during the global dust storm in MY 28. In contrast, we find that the peak altitude did not increase during regional dust storms in MY 29 and MY 32, nor during the global dust storm in MY 34. Our results suggest that the response of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere to dust storms is dependent on several factors, including latitude, solar zenith angle, solar cycle conditions, and the magnitude of the dust storm.

scholarly journals Investigation of the ionospheric absorption response to flare events during the solar cycle 23 as seen by European and South African ionosondes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Barta ◽  
Gabriella Sátori ◽  
Kitti Alexandra Berényi ◽  
Árpád Kis ◽  
Earle Williams
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
South African ◽  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Solar Zenith Angle ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Solar Cycle 23 ◽  
Radio Wave Absorption ◽  
Qualitative Measure

Abstract. Systematic analysis of ionosopheric parameters measured at mid- and low-latitudes was performed to study the ionospheric response to solar flares. The lowest recorded ionosonde echo, the mimimum frequency (fmin, a qualitative proxy for the nondeviative radio wave absorption occurring in the D-layer), furthermore the dfmin parameter (difference between the value of the fmin and the mean fmin for reference days) have been investigated. The time series of the fmin and dfmin parameters recorded at meridionally-distributed ionosonde stations in Europe and South Africa were analyzed during eight X and M class solar flares during solar cycle 23. The solar zenith angles of the observation sites at the time of the selected flares have been also taken into account. Total and partial radio fade-out was experienced at every ionospheric stations during intense solar flares (> M6). The duration of the total radio fade-out varied between 15 and 150 min and it was highly dependent on the solar zenith angle of the ionospheric stations. Furthermore, a solar zenith angle-dependent enhancement of the fmin (2–9 MHz) and dfmin (1–8 MHz) parameters was observed at almost every stations. The fmin and dfmin parameters show an increasing trend with the enhancement of the X-ray flux. Based on the results, the dfmin parameter is a good qualitative measure for the relative variation of the nondeviative absorption especially in the case of the less intense solar flares which do not cause total radio fade-out in the ionosphere (class 

Two-dimensional plasma density distributions in low-pressure gas discharges

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1043-1051
Author(s):  
E. V. Berlin ◽  
S. A. Dvinin ◽  
V. V. Mikheev ◽  
M. O. Omarov ◽  
V. S. Sviridkina
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Density ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Gas Discharges ◽  
Density Distributions

scholarly journals Sub-Auroral and Mid-Latitude GNSS ROTI Performance during Solar Cycle 24 Geomagnetic Disturbed Periods: Towards Storm’s Early Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4325
Author(s):  
Kacper Kotulak ◽  
Andrzej Krankowski ◽  
Adam Froń ◽  
Paweł Flisek ◽  
Ningbo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Plasma Density ◽  
Ionospheric Plasma ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Content Index ◽  
Solar Cycle 24 ◽  
Ionospheric Plasma Density ◽  
Cycle 24

Geomagnetic storms—triggered by the interaction between Earth’s magnetosphere and interplanetary magnetic field, driven by solar activity—are important for many Earth-bound aspects of life. Serious events may impact the electroenergetic infrastructure, but even weaker storms generate noticeable irregularities in the density of ionospheric plasma. Ionosphere electron density gradients interact with electromagnetic radiation in the radiofrequency domain, affecting sub- and trans-ionospheric transmissions. The main objective of the manuscript is to find key features of the storm-induced plasma density behaviour irregularities in regard to the event’s magnitude and general geomagnetic conditions. We also aim to set the foundations for the mid-latitude ionospheric plasma density now-casting irregularities. In the manuscript, we calculate the GPS+GLONASS-derived rate of TEC (total electron content) index (ROTI) for the meridional sector of 10–20∘ E, covering the latitudes between 40 and 70∘ N. Such an approach reveals equatorward spread of the auroral TEC irregularities reaching down to mid-latitudes. We have assessed the ROTI performance for 57 moderate-to-severe storms that occurred during solar cycle 24 and analyzed their behaviors in regard to the geomagnetic conditions (described by Kp, Dst, AE, Sym-H and PC indices).

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