Laboratory Investigation into the Effect of Silver Application on the Bacterial Removal Efficacy of Filter Material for Use on Locally Produced Ceramic Water Filters for Household Drinking Water Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 737-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Rayner ◽  
Hongyin Zhang ◽  
Jesse Schubert ◽  
Pat Lennon ◽  
Daniele Lantagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Investigation ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Ceramic Water Filters ◽  
Bacterial Removal ◽  
Water Filters

scholarly journals Manganese removal processes at 10 groundwater fed full-scale drinking water treatment plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Breda ◽  
L. Ramsay ◽  
D. A. Søborg ◽  
R. Dimitrova ◽  
P. Roslev
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Removal Processes

Abstract Manganese (Mn) removal in drinking water filters is facilitated by biological and physico-chemical processes. However, there is limited information about the dominant processes for Mn removal in full-scale matured filters with different filter materials over filter depth. Water and filter material samples were collected from 10 full-scale drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) to characterise the Mn removal processes, to evaluate the potential use of enhancers and to gain further insight on operational conditions of matured filters for the efficient Mn removal. The first-order Mn removal constant at the DWTPs varied from 10−2 to 10−1 min−1. The amount of Mn coating on the filter material grains showed a strong correlation with the amount of iron, calcium and total coating, but no correlation with the concentration of ATP. Inhibition of biological activity showed that Mn removal in matured filters was dominated by physico-chemical processes (59–97%). Addition of phosphorus and trace metals showed limited effect on Mn removal capacity, indicating that the enhancement of Mn removal in matured filters is possible but challenging. There was limited effect of the filter material type (quartz, calcium carbonate and anthracite) on Mn removal in matured filters, which can be relevant information for the industry when assessing filter designs and determining returns of investments. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the kind support of CAWQ/ACQE (https://www.cawq.ca).

scholarly journals Low cost drinking water treatment using nonwoven engineered and woven cloth fabrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-112
Author(s):  
Stephen Siwila ◽  
Isobel C. Brink
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Bacterial Removal ◽  
Particulate Removal

Abstract The study investigated two engineered fabrics and five cloth fabrics for low cost drinking water treatment. An optimized fabric filtration method has been developed and tested. Numerical models for predicting particulate removal efficiency have been developed for each fabric as support tools for selecting optimal process configuration. Both engineered fabrics showed better performance and achieved the most effective particulate removal for the highest number of layers used. Sequential filtration was done on eight layers for representative fabrics of each type and recorded higher contaminant removal than one filtration run. Geotextile 1 was better than geotextile 2 in particulate removal and recorded Escherichia coli removals of up to 1.4 log removal value (LRV) for eight-layer normal filtration and 3.0 LRV for four-pot sequential filtration. Brushed cotton was best among the cloth fabrics in particulate removal but performed below expectation in bacterial removal. It recorded E. coli removals of only 0.04 LRV and 0.2 LRV for eight-layer normal filtration and four-pot sequential filtration, respectively. Effluent turbidity decreased exponentially with number of fabric layers, in line with porous media filtration theory. The optimized filtration method produced very clear drinking water of relatively safe quality using geotextile 1. Appropriate disinfection is still recommended to ensure continued water safety.

scholarly journals Microbial degradation pathways of the herbicide bentazone in filter sand used for drinking water treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde J. Hedegaard ◽  
Carsten Prasse ◽  
Hans-Jørgen Albrechtsen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Degradation Pathways ◽  
Sand Filter

Three bentazone biodegradation pathways were identified in rapid sand filter material and relevant transformation products were less hazardous than bentazone.

Reuse of filter backwash water by implementing ultrafiltration technology

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
A. Brügger ◽  
K. Voßenkaul ◽  
T. Melin ◽  
R. Rautenbach ◽  
B. Golloing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Water Filters ◽  
Filter Backwash Water

Membrane filtration allows safe retention of microorganisms when treating filter backwash water from conventional drinking water filters. The permeate of the membrane plant can thus be reused to produce drinking water. The benefits are a higher yield of the drinking water treatment plant and a minimised wastewater production. This paper discusses the results of a pilot study, cost data and full-scale operation experiences concerning the application of ultrafiltration to treat filter backwash water. The effectiveness of ultrafiltration was assessed with regard to flux, cost and permeate quality.

Ceramic silver-impregnated pot filters for household drinking water treatment in developing countries: material characterization and performance study

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. van Halem ◽  
S.G.J. Heijman ◽  
A.I.A. Soppe ◽  
J.C. van Dijk ◽  
G.L. Amy
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Long Term Study

The ceramic silver-impregnated pot filter (CSF) is a low-cost drinking water treatment system currently produced in many factories worldwide. The objective of this study is to gather performance data to provide a scientific basis for organisations to safely scale-up and implement the CSF technology. Filters from three production locations are included in this study: Cambodia, Ghana and Nicaragua. The microstructure of the filter material was studied using mercury intrusion porosimetry and bubble-point tests. Effective pores were measured with a mean of 40 μm, which is larger than many pathogenic microorganisms. The removal efficiency of these microorganisms was measured by using indicator organisms; total coliforms naturally present in canal water, sulphite reducing Clostridium spores, E.coli K12 and MS2 bacteriophages. The removal of these organisms was monitored during a long-term study of several months in the laboratory. Ceramic silver impregnated pot filters successfully removed total coliforms and sulphite reducing Clostridium spores. High concentrations of Escherichia coli K12 were also removed, with log(10) reduction values consistently higher than 2. MS2 bacteriophages were only partially removed from the water, with significantly better results for filters without an impregnation of colloidal silver. During this study the main deficiency of the filter system proved to be the low water production; after 12 weeks of use all filter discharges were below 0.5 Lh−1, which is insufficient to provide drinking water for a family

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