A Bowl-Shaped Phosphine as a Ligand in Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation:  Rate Enhancement by a Mono(phosphine) Rhodium Species

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 3468-3475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Niyomura ◽  
Tetsuo Iwasawa ◽  
Naoki Sawada ◽  
Makoto Tokunaga ◽  
Yasushi Obora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rate Enhancement

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Wi-Fi Offloading and Cooperation in Small-Cell Network

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1493
Author(s):  
Ayesha Ayub ◽  
Sobia Jangsher ◽  
M. Majid Butt ◽  
Abdur Rahman Maud ◽  
Farrukh A. Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Small Cell ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Effective Capacity ◽  
Rate Enhancement ◽  
Cell Network ◽  
Small Cell Network ◽  
User Throughput ◽  
Average User ◽  
Cell Cooperation

Small cells deliver cost-effective capacity and coverage enhancement in a cellular network. In this work, we present the interplay of two technologies, namely Wi-Fi offloading and small-cell cooperation that help in achieving this goal. Both these technologies are also being considered for 5G and B5G (Beyond 5G). We simultaneously consider Wi-Fi offloading and small-cell cooperation to maximize average user throughput in the small-cell network. We propose two heuristic methods, namely Sequential Cooperative Rate Enhancement (SCRE) and Sequential Offloading Rate Enhancement (SORE) to demonstrate cooperation and Wi-Fi offloading, respectively. SCRE is based on cooperative communication in which a user data rate requirement is satisfied through association with multiple small-cell base stations (SBSs). However, SORE is based on Wi-Fi offloading, in which users are offloaded to the nearest Wi-Fi Access Point and use its leftover capacity when they are unable to satisfy their rate constraint from a single SBS. Moreover, we propose an algorithm to switch between the two schemes (cooperation and Wi-Fi offloading) to ensure maximum average user throughput in the network. This is called the Switching between Cooperation and Offloading (SCO) algorithm and it switches depending upon the network conditions. We analyze these algorithms under varying requirements of rate threshold, number of resource blocks and user density in the network. The results indicate that SCRE is more beneficial for a sparse network where it also delivers relatively higher average data rates to cell-edge users. On the other hand, SORE is more advantageous in a dense network provided sufficient leftover Wi-Fi capacity is available and more users are present in the Wi-Fi coverage area.

scholarly journals Rate Enhancement of Diels—Alder Reactions in Aqueous Perfluorinated Emulsions.

ChemInform ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohsuke Nishimoto ◽  
Shokaku Kim ◽  
Yoshikazu Kitano ◽  
Masahiro Tada ◽  
Kazuhiro Chiba
Keyword(s):  
Diels Alder ◽  
Rate Enhancement
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