Detecting Potential Teratogenic Alkaloids from Blue Cohosh Rhizomes Using an in Vitro Rat Embryo Culture

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1385-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Kennelly ◽  
Thomas J. Flynn ◽  
Eugene P. Mazzola ◽  
John A. Roach ◽  
Thomas G. McCloud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Rat Embryo ◽  
Rat Embryo Culture

Evaluation of the rat embryo culture system as a predictive test for human teratogens

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Guest ◽  
Harpal S. Buttar ◽  
Susan Smith ◽  
Daya R. Varma
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Predictive Test ◽  
Rat Embryo ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Rat Embryo Culture

Ingestion of the anticonvulsant drag valproic acid and of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril during pregnancy has been associated with abnormal fetal outcome in humans. In contrast, the use of the antiinflammatory drug ibuprofen and the antihistamine diphenhydramine has not been documented to be embryotoxic in humans. We evaluated the rat embryo culture system as a predictive model of teratogenesis, using these four drugs as test agents. Valproic acid, ibuprofen, and diphenhydramine were embryotoxic, inducing concentration-dependent decreases in growth and a significant increase in anomalies. Valproic acid caused an increase in neural tube defects, ibuprofen increased the incidence of abnormal maxillary processes, and diphenhydramine increased the number of embryos with distorted body morphology. These abnormalities were induced at concentrations of valproic acid and diphenhydramine that are used clinically, but ibuprofen only induced toxicity at concentrations greatly exceeding the therapeutic range. Captopril was not embryotoxic up to 5 mM, the highest concentration tested. These results suggest that the rat embryo culture system produces both false positive and false negative data on the teratogenic potential of drugs. Although such an in vitro assay may be suitable to determine the mechanism of teratogenesis, it is not a sensitive indicator of potential human teratogens on its own. These data support the view that in vitro systems can only supplement clinical and epidemiological observations in humans, possibly as a method to determine mechanisms of actions of teratogens.Key words: embryo culture, teratogenesis, valproic acid, captopril, ibuprofen, diphenhydramine.

An Interlaboratory Evaluation of Five Pairs of Teratogens and Non-teratogens in Post-implantation Rat Embryo Culture

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Aldert H. Piersma ◽  
Rudolf Bechter ◽  
Nathalie Krafft ◽  
Beat P. Schmid ◽  
Jeanne Stadler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Rat Embryo ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Substituted Pyridines ◽  
Phthalic Ester ◽  
Rat Embryo Culture ◽  
Post Implantation

The usefulness of the post-implantation rat embryo culture method in screening xenobiotic compounds for developmental toxicity was validated in four laboratories with five pairs of compounds. This approach was chosen to provide information on the interlaboratory reproducibility of the results and to compare the effects of chemical analogues in embryo culture. By testing analogous compounds which are known to have different embryotoxic potencies in vivo, the discriminating power of the embryo culture method for the compound classes under study could be optimally assessed. The classes selected for testing were triazole antifungals, phthalic ester metabolites, substituted pyridines, sulphonamides and methylated xanthines. In summary, it was possible to distinguish between the compounds in three of the pairs, it was not possible to discriminate between the compounds of one pair, and it was possible to discriminate between the compounds of the other pair at two out of the four laboratories. The embryo culture results generally show a good correspondence with the embryotoxic properties of the compounds tested in vivo, although the embryo culture method appeared to be able to discriminate between only some of the pairs of chemical analogues. Some discrepancies may have arisen among the laboratories, because of methodological differences. These results suggest that the post-implantation rat embryo culture method may be a useful tool for screening xenobiotics within classes of compounds known to interfere with embryogenesis during the period of development represented in culture.

Whole rat embryo culture in serum of insulin-dependent (type-1) diabetic women

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J.H. Mulder ◽  
L.J. Brader ◽  
A. Verhoef ◽  
A.H. Piersma ◽  
G.H.A. Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Rat Embryo ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Rat Embryo Culture ◽  
Dependent Type
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