scholarly journals Determining the Pharmacokinetics and Long-Term Biodistribution of SiO2 Nanoparticles In Vivo Using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

Nano Letters ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 5532-5538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Malfatti ◽  
Heather A. Palko ◽  
Edward A. Kuhn ◽  
Kenneth W. Turteltaub
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles

scholarly journals Lithium administered to pregnant, lactating and neonatal rats: entry into developing brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shene Yi-Shiuan Chiou ◽  
Kai Kysenius ◽  
Yifan Huang ◽  
Mark David Habgood ◽  
Liam M. Koehn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
Developing Brain ◽  
Atpase Inhibitor ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Abstract Background Little is known about the extent of drug entry into developing brain, when administered to pregnant and lactating women. Lithium is commonly prescribed for bipolar disorder. Here we studied transfer of lithium given to dams, into blood, brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in embryonic and postnatal animals as well as adults. Methods Lithium chloride in a clinically relevant dose (3.2 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally into pregnant (E15–18) and lactating dams (birth-P16/17) or directly into postnatal pups (P0–P16/17). Acute treatment involved a single injection; long-term treatment involved twice daily injections for the duration of the experiment. Following terminal anaesthesia blood plasma, CSF and brains were collected. Lithium levels and brain distribution were measured using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry and total lithium levels were confirmed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Results Lithium was detected in blood, CSF and brain of all fetal and postnatal pups following lithium treatment of dams. Its concentration in pups’ blood was consistently below that in maternal blood (30–35%) indicating significant protection by the placenta and breast tissue. However, much of the lithium that reached the fetus entered its brain. Levels of lithium in plasma fluctuated in different treatment groups but its concentration in CSF was stable at all ages, in agreement with known stable levels of endogenous ions in CSF. There was no significant increase of lithium transfer into CSF following application of Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor (digoxin) in vivo, indicating that lithium transfer across choroid plexus epithelium is not likely to be via the Na+/K+ ATPase mechanism, at least early in development. Comparison with passive permeability markers suggested that in acute experiments lithium permeability was less than expected for diffusion but similar in long-term experiments at P2. Conclusions Information obtained on the distribution of lithium in developing brain provides a basis for studying possible deleterious effects on brain development and behaviour in offspring of mothers undergoing lithium therapy.

scholarly journals 14C-Cobalamin Absorption from Endogenously Labeled Chicken Eggs Assessed in Humans Using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrod ◽  
Rossow ◽  
Calvert ◽  
Miller ◽  
Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Physiological Limit ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Vitamin B 12 ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Cobalamin Absorption

Traditionally, the bioavailability of vitamin B-12 (B12) from in vivo labeled foods was determined by labeling the vitamin with radiocobalt (57Co, 58Co or 60Co). This required use of penetrating radioactivity and sometimes used higher doses of B12 than the physiological limit of B12 absorption. The aim of this study was to determine the bioavailability and absorbed B12 from chicken eggs endogenously labeled with 14C-B12 using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). 14C-B12 was injected intramuscularly into hens to produce eggs enriched in vivo with the 14C labeled vitamin. The eggs, which provided 1.4 to 2.6 μg of B12 (~1.1 kBq) per serving, were scrambled, cooked and fed to 10 human volunteers. Baseline and post-ingestion blood, urine and stool samples were collected over a one-week period and assessed for 14C-B12 content using AMS. Bioavailability ranged from 13.2 to 57.7% (mean 30.2 ± 16.4%). Difference among subjects was explained by dose of B12, with percent bioavailability from 2.6 μg only half that from 1.4 μg. The total amount of B12 absorbed was limited to 0.5–0.8 μg (mean 0.55 ± 0.19 μg B12) and was relatively unaffected by the amount consumed. The use of 14C-B12 offers the only currently available method for quantifying B12 absorption in humans, including food cobalamin absorption. An egg is confirmed as a good source of B12, supplying approximately 20% of the average adult daily requirement (RDA for adults = 2.4 μg/day).

scholarly journals Histone Adduction with Nicotine: A Bio-Ams Study

Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. H. Wu ◽  
H. F. Wang ◽  
Y. F. Liu ◽  
X. Y. Lu ◽  
J. J. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Protein Adduction ◽  
Dna Adduction

Based on the study of DNA adduction with nicotine, we have measured the mouse hepatic histone adduction with 14C-labeled nicotine in vivo by bio-accelerator mass spectrometry (bio-AMS). In the exposure of mice to nicotine, the dose range administered was from 0.2 μg to 6.0 μg kg b.w.-1, which was equivalent to a very low level of human exposure to cigarette smoke. The adducts of either histone 1 (H1) or histone 3 (H3) with nicotine in mouse liver increased markedly with increasing nicotine dose. Our results have demonstrated that in the study of protein adduction with toxic xenobiotics as a biomarker, the AMS method achieves the highest sensitivity, 4.6 × 10-17 mol (46 amol) adducts per mg H1 protein, compared to all the other methods used previously.

scholarly journals REASSESSMENT OF UNCERTAINTY EXPANSION BY LINEAR ADDITION OF LONG-TERM COMPONENTS FROM TOP-DOWN INFORMATION

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
G Salazar ◽  
S Szidat
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Expanded Uncertainty ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Linear Addition

ABSTRACT Since radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (14C AMS) is considered a high-precision technique, reassessment of the measurement uncertainty has been a topic of interest. Scientists from analytical and metrological fields have developed the top-down and bottom-up measurement of uncertainty approaches. The 14C quoted error should approximate the uncertainty of long-term repetitions of the top-down approach in order to be realistic. The novelty of this paper is that the uncertainty of both approaches were approximated to each other. Furthermore, we apportioned the graphitization, instrumentation, and bias components in order to additively expand the quoted error. Our results are comparable to error multipliers and to long-term repeatability studies reported by other laboratories. Our laboratory was established in late 2012 with N2 as stripper gas and 7 years later, we changed to helium stripper. Thus, we were able to compare both gases, and demonstrate that helium is a better stripper gas. In absolute F14C units, the ranges of graphitization+bias combined uncertainties were (0.7 to 4.1) × 10–3 for N2 and (0.7–3.0) × 10–3 for He depending on the standard 14C content. The error multiplier for He defined as the expanded uncertainty over quoted error, in average, was 1.7; while without the bias, the multiplier was 1.3.

scholarly journals Long-term kinetic study of β-carotene, using accelerator mass spectrometry in an adult volunteer

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1790-1800
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Dueker ◽  
Yumei Lin ◽  
Bruce A. Buchholz ◽  
Phillip D. Schneider ◽  
Michael W. Lamé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Adult Volunteer ◽  
Β Carotene

scholarly journals Lithium Administered to Pregnant, Lactating and Neonatal Rats: Entry Into Developing Brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shene Yi-Shiuan Chiou ◽  
Kai Kysenius ◽  
Yifan Huang ◽  
Mark David Habgood ◽  
Liam Koehn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
Developing Brain ◽  
Atpase Inhibitor ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Abstract BackgroundLittle is known about the extent of drug entry into developing brain, when administered to pregnant and lactating women. Lithium is commonly prescribed for bipolar disorder. Here we studied transfer of lithium given to dams, into blood, brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in embryonic and postnatal animals as well as adults.MethodsLithium chloride in a clinically relevant dose (3.2mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally into pregnant (E15-18) and lactating dams (birth-P16/17) or directly into postnatal pups (P0-P16/17). Acute treatment involved a single injection; long-term treatment involved twice daily injections for the duration of the experiment. Following terminal anaesthesia blood plasma, CSF and brains were collected. Lithium levels and brain distribution were measured using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry and total lithium levels were confirmed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Results Lithium was detected in blood, CSF and brain of all fetal and postnatal pups following lithium treatment of dams. Its concentration in pups’ blood was consistently below that in maternal blood (30-35%) indicating significant protection by the placenta and breast tissue. However, much of the lithium that reached the fetus entered its brain. Levels of lithium in plasma fluctuated in different treatment groups but its concentration in CSF was stable at all ages, in agreement with known stable levels of endogenous ions in CSF. There was no significant increase of lithium transfer into CSF following application of Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor (Digoxin) in vivo, indicating that lithium transfer across choroid plexus epithelium is not likely to be via the Na+/K+ ATPase mechanism, at least early in development. Comparison with passive permeability markers suggested that in acute experiments lithium permeability was less than expected for diffusion but similar in long-term experiments at P2. ConclusionsInformation obtained on the distribution of lithium in developing brain provides a basis for studying possible deleterious effects on brain development and behaviour in offspring of mothers undergoing lithium therapy.

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