scholarly journals Polymer Mechanochemistry: Force Enabled Transformations

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Wiggins ◽  
Johnathan N. Brantley ◽  
Christopher W. Bielawski
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Mechanochemistry

scholarly journals Mechanochemically Gated Photoswitching: Expanding the Scope of Polymer Mechanochromism

Synlett ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (15) ◽  
pp. 1725-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross W. Barber ◽  
Molly E. McFadden ◽  
Xiaoran Hu ◽  
Maxwell J. Robb
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymer Mechanochemistry ◽  
Stress Sensing

Mechanophores are molecules that undergo productive, covalent chemical transformations in response to mechanical force. Over the last decade, a variety of mechanochromic mechanophores have been developed that enable the direct visualization of stress in polymers and polymeric materials through changes in color and chemiluminescence. The recent introduction of mechanochemically gated photoswitching extends the repertoire of polymer mechanochromism by decoupling the mechanical activation from the visible response, enabling the mechanical history of polymers to be recorded and read on-demand using light. Here, we discuss advances in mechanochromic mechanophores and present our design of a cyclopentadiene–maleimide Diels–Alder adduct that undergoes a force-induced retro-[4+2] cycloaddition reaction to reveal a latent diarylethene photoswitch. Following mechanical activation, UV light converts the colorless diarylethene molecule into the colored isomer via a 6π-electrocyclic ring-closing reaction. Mechanically gated photoswitching expands on the fruitful developments in mechanochromic polymers and provides a promising platform for further innovation in materials applications including stress sensing, patterning, and information storage.1 Introduction to Polymer Mechanochemistry2 Mechanochromic Reactions for Stress Sensing3 Regiochemical Effects on Mechanophore Activation4 Mechanochemically Gated Photoswitching5 Conclusions

scholarly journals Reaction Cascades in Polymer Mechanochemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 3115-3129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Hu ◽  
Zhiyong Ma ◽  
Xinru Jia
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Mechanochemistry ◽  
Reaction Cascades

This review categorizes the reported reaction cascades in polymer mechanochemistry into five parts, including mechanocatalysis, cargo-releasing, self-strengthening, gating, and mechanochromism. Some outlook is also provided.

scholarly journals Inducing and quantifying forbidden reactivity with single-molecule polymer mechanochemistry

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junpeng Wang ◽  
Tatiana B. Kouznetsova ◽  
Zhenbin Niu ◽  
Mitchell T. Ong ◽  
Hope M. Klukovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Polymer Mechanochemistry

Validation of the CoGEF Method as a Predictive Tool for Polymer Mechanochemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (38) ◽  
pp. 16364-16381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel M. Klein ◽  
Corey C. Husic ◽  
Dávid P. Kovács ◽  
Nicolas J. Choquette ◽  
Maxwell J. Robb
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Polymer Mechanochemistry

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Elusive Fluorinated Polyacetylene

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Boswell ◽  
Carl M. F. Mansson ◽  
Jordan M Cox ◽  
Zexin Jin ◽  
Joseph A. H. Romaniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanochemical Synthesis ◽  
Mechanical Force ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Precursor Polymer ◽  
Polymer Mechanochemistry ◽  
Scalable Synthesis ◽  
Rapid Incorporation

<p>Polymer mechanochemistry has traditionally been employed to study the effects of mechanical force on one or two chemical bonds within a polymer. It is underexploited for the scalable synthesis of wholly new materials by activating bonds along the entire polymer, especially products inaccessible by other means. Herein we utilize polymer mechanochemistry to synthesize fluorinated polyacetylene, a long-sought-after air-stable polyacetylene that has eluded synthesis by conventional means. Our synthetic approach proceeds via ultrasonication of a force-responsive precursor polymer that was synthesized in five steps on gram scale. The synthesis is highlighted by rapid incorporation of fluorine in an exotic photochemical cascade whose mechanism and exquisite diastereoselectivity were elucidated by computation. </p>

The contributions of model studies for fundamental understanding of polymer mechanochemistry

Synlett ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T O'Neill ◽  
Roman Boulatov
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Exciting Field ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Molecular Force ◽  
Polymer Mechanochemistry ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Macroscopic Motion ◽  
Polymeric Substrates

The exciting field of polymer mechanochemistry has made great empirical progress in discovering reactions in which a stretching force accelerates scission of strained bonds using single molecule force spectroscopy and ultra-sonication experiments. Understanding why these reactions happen, i.e., the fundamental physical processes that govern coupling of macroscopic motion to chemical reactions, as well as discovering other patterns of mechanochemical reactivity require complementary techniques, which permit a much more detailed characterization of reaction mechanisms and the distribution of force in reacting molecules than are achievable in SMFS or ultrasonication. A molecular force probe allows the specific pattern of molecular strain that is responsible for localized reactions in stretched polymers to be reproduced accurately in non-polymeric substrates using molecular design rather than atomistically intractable collective motions of millions of atoms comprising macroscopic motion. In this review, we highlight the necessary features of a useful molecular force probe and describe their realization in stiff stilbene macrocycles. We describe how studying these macrocycles using classical tools of physical organic chemistry has allowed detailed characterizations of mechanochemical reactivity, explain some of the most unexpected insights enabled by these probes and speculate how they may guide the next stage of mechanochemistry.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document