scholarly journals Reaction Cascades in Polymer Mechanochemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 3115-3129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Hu ◽  
Zhiyong Ma ◽  
Xinru Jia
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Mechanochemistry ◽  
Reaction Cascades

This review categorizes the reported reaction cascades in polymer mechanochemistry into five parts, including mechanocatalysis, cargo-releasing, self-strengthening, gating, and mechanochromism. Some outlook is also provided.

scholarly journals Controlling Product Selectivity with Nanoparticle Composition in Tandem Chemo-Biocatalytic Styrene Oxidation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derik Wilbers ◽  
Joseph Brehm ◽  
Richard Lewis ◽  
Jacqueline Van Marwijk ◽  
Thomas Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Product Selectivity ◽  
Styrene Oxidation ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Potential Approach ◽  
Reaction Cascades

The combination of heterogeneous catalysis and biocatalysis into one-pot reaction cascades is a potential approach to integrate enzymatic transformations into existing chemical infrastructure. Peroxygenases, which can achieve clean C-H activation,...

scholarly journals Mechanochemically Gated Photoswitching: Expanding the Scope of Polymer Mechanochromism

Synlett ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (15) ◽  
pp. 1725-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross W. Barber ◽  
Molly E. McFadden ◽  
Xiaoran Hu ◽  
Maxwell J. Robb
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymer Mechanochemistry ◽  
Stress Sensing

Mechanophores are molecules that undergo productive, covalent chemical transformations in response to mechanical force. Over the last decade, a variety of mechanochromic mechanophores have been developed that enable the direct visualization of stress in polymers and polymeric materials through changes in color and chemiluminescence. The recent introduction of mechanochemically gated photoswitching extends the repertoire of polymer mechanochromism by decoupling the mechanical activation from the visible response, enabling the mechanical history of polymers to be recorded and read on-demand using light. Here, we discuss advances in mechanochromic mechanophores and present our design of a cyclopentadiene–maleimide Diels–Alder adduct that undergoes a force-induced retro-[4+2] cycloaddition reaction to reveal a latent diarylethene photoswitch. Following mechanical activation, UV light converts the colorless diarylethene molecule into the colored isomer via a 6π-electrocyclic ring-closing reaction. Mechanically gated photoswitching expands on the fruitful developments in mechanochromic polymers and provides a promising platform for further innovation in materials applications including stress sensing, patterning, and information storage.1 Introduction to Polymer Mechanochemistry2 Mechanochromic Reactions for Stress Sensing3 Regiochemical Effects on Mechanophore Activation4 Mechanochemically Gated Photoswitching5 Conclusions

scholarly journals Microfluidic platform enables tailored translocation and reaction cascades in nanoliter droplet networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Bachler ◽  
Dominik Haidas ◽  
Marion Ort ◽  
Todd A. Duncombe ◽  
Petra S. Dittrich
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Microfluidic Platform ◽  
Alpha Hemolysin ◽  
Droplet Interface Bilayer ◽  
Translocation Experiments ◽  
Fluorescent Molecules ◽  
Reaction Cascades ◽  
Minimal Cells

AbstractIn the field of bottom-up synthetic biology, lipid membranes are the scaffold to create minimal cells and mimic reactions and processes at or across the membrane. In this context, we employ here a versatile microfluidic platform that enables precise positioning of nanoliter droplets with user-specified lipid compositions and in a defined pattern. Adjacent droplets make contact and form a droplet interface bilayer to simulate cellular membranes. Translocation of molecules across membranes are tailored by the addition of alpha-hemolysin to selected droplets. Moreover, we developed a protocol to analyze the translocation of non-fluorescent molecules between droplets with mass spectrometry. Our method is capable of automated formation of one- and two-dimensional droplet networks, which we demonstrated by connecting droplets containing different compound and enzyme solutions to perform translocation experiments and a multistep enzymatic cascade reaction across the droplet network. Our platform opens doors for creating complex artificial systems for bottom-up synthetic biology.

One-Pot Reaction Cascades Using Star Polymers with Core-Confined Catalysts

2005 ◽  
Vol 117 (39) ◽  
pp. 6542-6545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Helms ◽  
Steven J. Guillaudeu ◽  
Yu Xie ◽  
Meredith McMurdo ◽  
Craig J. Hawker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Polymers ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Reaction Cascades

scholarly journals A New Perspective of Acupuncture: The Interaction among Three Networks Leads to Neutralization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning-cen Li ◽  
Ming-yue Li ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Yi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Disease Network ◽  
Nociceptive Stimulus ◽  
Acupuncture Effect ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Cascade Amplification ◽  
Reaction Cascades

Acupuncture has been used to treat multiple medical conditions, but whether the diverse effects of acupuncture are intrinsically linked and how they might be connected have yet to be determined. More and more researches have shown that acupuncture is a kind of nociceptive stimulus, which can cause inflammatory reaction in the sites of acupuncture and then further activate the nerve-endocrine-immune systems to cause the cascade amplification of the acupuncture effect. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing literature concerning the role of “acupoint-meridian-disease network” in various effects of acupuncture and suggest a novel notion that acupuncture may restore homeostasis under different pathological conditions by regulating this network, resulting in the activation of different reaction cascades in response to pathological injury. We think that acupuncture acts on acupoints, first activating the small network of acupoints (Acupoint Network). The information of acupuncture is amplified by cascade, and the nerve endocrine immune system (NEI) is activated through the large network of meridians (Meridian Network) of the body itself. The nerve-endocrine-immune system (NEI) further outputs the effect information to the target organ through multilevel and multisystems and finally acts on the disease network (Disease Network) to produce acupuncture effect.

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