Comparison of the Antifungal Efficacy of Terbinafine Hydrochloride and Ciclopirox Olamine Containing Formulations against the Dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum in an Infected Nail Plate Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1991-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Täuber ◽  
Christel C. Müller-Goymann
Keyword(s):  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Plate Model ◽  
Ciclopirox Olamine ◽  
Terbinafine Hydrochloride ◽  
Antifungal Efficacy

scholarly journals Excellent Response of Dermatophytoma and Nail Splitting to Nail Plate Debridement Plus Topical Ciclopirox Olamine 1% Solution

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Hamed Mohamed Abdo
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Option ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Treatment Progress ◽  
Clinical Resolution ◽  
Ciclopirox Olamine ◽  
Scalpel Blade ◽  
Mycological Examination

Onychomycosis often presents as thickened, discolored nails. Usually, one or both great toenails are affected. Eventually, the nail plate becomes friable and may split and break up, often due to trauma or invasion of the plate by dermatophytes that have keratolytic properties. Dermatophytoma is a unique feature of onychomycosis that occurred by abundant fungal filaments and spores forming a fungal ball under the nail plate. It is often refractory to traditional therapy. Based on the clinical and mycological examination, a case of onychomycosis in a 45-year-old woman presented as dermatophytoma with longitudinal nail splitting caused by <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> is presented. The case was successfully treated with nail plate debridement plus topical ciclopirox olamine 1% solution. Nail debridement was performed using a 15-scalpel blade to remove the affected nail portion with the underlying subungual debris to enhance the effect of topical ciclopirox 1% solution which was then applied 3 times daily to the debrided area. Follow-up visits with nail photography were planned every 2 weeks after the procedure to check treatment progress. A complete clinical resolution was achieved after 5 months. This treatment option can be advocated for similar nail conditions avoiding unnecessary and expensive lines of treatment.

scholarly journals Ciclopirox and Efinaconazole Transungual Permeation, Antifungal Activity, and Proficiency To Induce Resistance in Trichophyton rubrum

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Monti ◽  
Diletta Mazzantini ◽  
Silvia Tampucci ◽  
Alessandra Vecchione ◽  
Francesco Celandroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nail Bed ◽  
Antimycotic Activity ◽  
Frequent Relapses ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Onychomycosis is a nail fungal infection, mostly caused by dermatophytes. The treatment efficacy is impaired by difficulties of reaching effective drug levels at the site of infection; frequent relapses occur after cessation of antifungal therapy. The aim of the study was to compare two commercial products containing ciclopirox or efinaconazole for antimycotic activity and antifungal drug resistance. A study of permeation and penetration through bovine hoof membranes, as a nail model, was performed to evaluate the antimycotic activity of permeates against clinical isolates of selected fungi, and the frequency of spontaneous in vitro Trichophyton rubrum-resistant strains was assessed by broth microdilution assays. The results suggest that ciclopirox creates a depot in the nail, leading to a gradual release of the drug over time with action on both the nail plate and bed. Conversely, efinaconazole, mildly interacting with nail keratin, mainly exerts its antifungal activity in the nail bed. However, in the case of T. rubrum, the antifungal activities of the drugs in the nail plate seem comparable. Finally, efinaconazole showed a potential for induction of resistance in T. rubrum, which may limit its efficacy over time. Ciclopirox did not show any potential to induce resistance in T. rubrum and appears endowed with a more complete activity than efinaconazole in the management of onychomycosis as the nail keratin is a substrate for the growth of fungal cells, and the availability of drug in large concentration just in the nail bed may not be sufficient to guarantee the complete eradication of pathogens.

scholarly journals Polyurethanes as New Excipients in Nail Therapeutics

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Valdes ◽  
Ana Serro ◽  
Joana Marto ◽  
Rui Galhano dos Santos ◽  
Elena Cutrín Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Oral Drugs ◽  
Terbinafine Hydrochloride ◽  
Nail Lacquer ◽  
Nail Infection ◽  
Vitro Release

Onychomycosis affects about 15% of the population. This disease causes physical and psychosocial discomfort to infected patients. Topical treatment (creams, solutions, gels, colloidal carriers, and nail lacquers) is usually the most commonly required due to the high toxicity of oral drugs. Currently, the most common topical formulations (creams and lotions) present a low drug delivery to the nail infection. Nail lacquers appear to increase drug delivery and simultaneously improve the effectiveness of treatment with increased patient compliance. These formulations leave a polymer film on the nail plate after solvent evaporation. The duration of the film residence in the nail constitutes an important property of nail lacquer formulation. In this study, a polyurethane polymer was used to delivery antifungals drugs, such as terbinafine hydrochloride (TH) and ciclopirox olamine (CPX) and the influence of its concentration on the properties of nail lacquer formulations was assessed. The nail lacquer containing the lowest polymer concentration (10%) was the most effective regarding the in vitro release, permeation, and antifungal activity. It has also been demonstrated that the application of PU-based nail lacquer improves the nail plate, making it smooth and uniform and reduces the porosity contributing to the greater effectiveness of these vehicles. To conclude, the use of polyurethane in nail formulations is promising for nail therapeutics.

Dermoscopic Features of Toenail Onychomycosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noureddine Litaiem ◽  
Ines Nakouri ◽  
Sabrine Bouhlel ◽  
Yasmine Mansour ◽  
Meriem Bouchakoua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Proximal Margin ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Clinical Subtype

Background Onychomycosis is the most common infectious nail disorder. Direct mycologic examination is still the cornerstone of diagnosis; however, it may take several weeks to obtain a result. Recently some dermoscopic patterns that can be useful in the diagnosis of onychomycosis were described. However, published data on dermoscopic features of onychomycosis are still limited. Methods We performed a prospective dermoscopic study of patients with positive fungal culture between April and December 2016. Patients with a final diagnosis of psoriasis or lichen planus were excluded from the study. Dermoscopy (polarized and nonpolarized) was performed. Results Thirty-seven patients were enrolled, 24 women and 13 men (median ± SD age, 48.6 ± 16.1 years). Nail samples were culture positive for Trichophyton rubrum (89.2%), Trichophyton interdigitale (8.1%), and Candida albicans (2.7%). Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis was the most frequent clinical subtype (59.5%). The most frequent dermoscopic features were subungual keratosis (73.0%), distal subungual longitudinal striae (70.3%), spikes of the proximal margin of an onycholytic area (59.5%), transverse superficial leukonychia (29.7%), and linear hemorrhage (13.5%). Brown chromonychia was most frequently seen with nonpolarized dermoscopy (66.6% versus 24%; P = .027). Conclusions Specific dermoscopic signs of onychomycosis are mostly related to the proximal invasion of the nail plate. Detection of these signs is simple and can, in some cases, help avoid mycologic testing.

scholarly journals Topical antifungal bigels: Formulation, characterization and evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agne Mazurkeviciute ◽  
Kristina Ramanauskiene ◽  
Marija Ivaskiene ◽  
Aidas Grigonis ◽  
Vitalis Briedis
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Poloxamer 407 ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ciclopirox Olamine ◽  
Terbinafine Hydrochloride ◽  
Antifungal Substances ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Great Inhibition

Abstract Bigels with antifungal substances, ciclopirox olamine and terbinafine hydrochloride, were made of hydrogel (poloxamer 407 gel) and oleogel (polyethylene and liquid paraffin mixture). Prepared bigels were found physically stable at room temperature for six months and at least four months at 40 °C. Released amount of drug decreased when oleogel concentration in the formulation increased. Release test results depended on the insertion place of active substances. The amount of released substance was highest when ciclopirox olamine was incorporated in both phases in an equal quantity, and terbinafine hydrochloride in oleogel or in hydrogel. All formulations showed great inhibition of Microsporum canis. Thus, bigels with ciclopirox olamine and terbinafine hydrochloride are a promising dosage form for topical use.

scholarly journals Fungal lesions of the nail plate in patients from the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship - analysis and discussion of the results of studies carried out in 2014 - 2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Positive Results

Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyze the results of mycological cultures obtained in the years 2014-2019. The study included an analysis of the incidence of mycosis with regard to their location, as well as the proportion of individual etiological factors in the infection. Methods: The study included materials from 999 patients who gave a total of 1103 cultures. The material was taken directly from the material and mycological cultures were established. Results: Positive results accounted for 35,8%. Trichophyton rubrum (44.2%) was the most common etiologic agent of dermatophytes. Among the yeast-like fungi, Candida albicans (8.8%) and Candida parapsilosis (7,6%) were the most common. Conclusions: Infectious lesions were mainly caused by dermatophytes, where Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes dominated.

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