scholarly journals Fungal lesions of the nail plate in patients from the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship - analysis and discussion of the results of studies carried out in 2014 - 2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Positive Results

Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyze the results of mycological cultures obtained in the years 2014-2019. The study included an analysis of the incidence of mycosis with regard to their location, as well as the proportion of individual etiological factors in the infection. Methods: The study included materials from 999 patients who gave a total of 1103 cultures. The material was taken directly from the material and mycological cultures were established. Results: Positive results accounted for 35,8%. Trichophyton rubrum (44.2%) was the most common etiologic agent of dermatophytes. Among the yeast-like fungi, Candida albicans (8.8%) and Candida parapsilosis (7,6%) were the most common. Conclusions: Infectious lesions were mainly caused by dermatophytes, where Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes dominated.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Neem Kernel Bioactives Extracted using Supercritical Fluid Carbon Dioxide on Selected Dermatophytes and Foodborne Pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4304-4309
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Carbon Dioxide

Neem seed kernel was subjected to supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF) process and evaluated for the inhibition of selected dermatophytes such as Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The extraction was carried out by SCF-CO2 at 300 bar 50 °C with and without entrainer (30 % methanol and acidified methanol). Results showed that the inhibition of the growth of all the dermatophytes is maximum in the extract obtained at 300 bar 50 °C with methanol (SCF-Me) followed by 300 bar 50 °C without methanol (SCF). The acidified SCF (SCF-MeA) extract did not show any remarkable inhibition. Of the dermatophytes, SCF-Me showed the inhibition against Candida parapsilosis of 18.46±0.25 mm compared to Candida albicans 16±0.26 mm, whereas the methanol control exhibited 10±0.3 mm inhibition. Out of the two fungal organisms, SCFMe inhibited the growth of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes at 21.53±0.23 mm and 18.1±0.1 mm respectively. The extracts were also evaluated for its inhibition against the foodborne pathogens (bacteria, fungi, and yeast). The SCF-Me extract showed maximum inhibition against Pseudomonus aeroginosa (27.26±0.25) compared to Bacillus subtilis (24.36±0.35) at the concentration of 70mg. In fungus, Aspergillus ochraceus (16.7±0.60) was maximum when compared to Aspergillus niger (15.2±0.43) and yeast exhibited the inhibition of 15.93±0.20 at the concentration of 80mg. The dermatophytic and antimicrobial activity of the SCF-Me extract is due to the presence of higher amount of triterpenoinds such as Azadirachtin (50.7 %), 6-deacetyl nimbin (0.14 %), Nimbin (0.08 %), Salannin (1.83 %) and Epoxy azadiradione (1.58 %) which were confirmed by liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy (LC-MS).

Etiology of Onychomycosis in Patients in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Pelin Cengiz ◽  
Bengu Cevirgen Cemil ◽  
Nazan Emiroglu ◽  
Anil Gulsel Bahali ◽  
Dilek Biyik Ozkaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Trichosporon Species ◽  
Nail Infection

Background: Onychomycosis is a chronic nail infection caused by dermatophytes, Candida, nondermatophyte molds, and Trichosporon. The purpose of this study was to identify the underlying pathogen in patients with onychomycosis in our region. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 225 cases with onychomycosis, diagnosed over a 27-month period at the Department of Dermatoveneorology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey, and confirmed with culture, was performed. Results: Patient age ranged from 2 to 87 years (mean ± SD, 41.59 ± 17.61), and female patients were more commonly affected (120 cases, 53.3%) than male patients. Lateral and distal subungual onychomycosis was detected in 180 cases (80%). Etiologic agents were as follows: Trichophyton rubrum, 77 cases (34.2%); Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 30 cases (13.3%), Candida albicans, 28 cases (12.4%); Candida parapsilosis, 25 cases (11.1%); Acremonium species, one case (0.4%); Aspergillus species, two cases (0.9%); Fusarium species, four cases (1.3%); and Trichosporon species, three cases (1.3%). Conclusions: The most frequent isolated etiologic agents were T rubrum for toenails and C albicans for fingernails.

scholarly journals Frecuencia de dermatomicosis y factores asociados en población vulnerable de la ciudad de Manizales. Colombia. 2011

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 953
Author(s):  
Gloria Ines Estrada Salazar ◽  
José A. Chacón-Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Microsporum Gypseum ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Cutaneous Mycosis

Resumen:Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de las dermatomicosis en personas de diferentes instituciones de atención social en la ciudad de Manizales durante el año 2011. Método: Mediante la toma de muestras de los sitios que presentaban algún tipo de lesión sospechosa de ser una micosis cutánea, se hizo un análisis directo con KOH y cultivo en medios de Saboureaud y Mycosel. Se aplicó un instrumento de recolección de información para establecer  factores asociados con la presencia de estos microorganismos.Resultados: Los hongos levaduriformes encontrados con mayor frecuencia fueron: Candida albicans, Trichosporon sp, y los mohos saprofitos Penicillium sp, fusarium sp; seguido de hongos dermatofitos como: Trichophyton mentagrophites, Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum y Microsporum gypseum. Las lesiones secas y descamativas se encontraron con mayor frecuencia. El compartir baños y vivir en hacinamiento y el uso de elementos comunes fueron los factores asociados más importantes en este estudio.Conclusiones. Las dermatomicosis son frecuentes en poblaciones vulnerables y se asocian a diferentes factores muy similares a los encontrados en otros estudios de igual naturaleza.    Palabras clave: dermatomicosis, onicomicosis, jóvenes, ancianos, factores asociados. Summary:Objective: To determine the frequency of ringworm in people of different social care institutions in the city of Manizales in 2011.Method: Using the sampling sites that had some kind of suspicious lesion from a cutaneous mycosis, direct analysis with KOH and culture media was Saboureaud and Mycosel. An instrument of data collection was used to establish factors associated with the presence of these microorganisms.Results: The yeast found most frequently were: Candida albicans, Trichosporon sp and Penicillium molds saprophytes sp, Fusarium sp, followed by dermatophyte fungi such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum and Microsporum gypseum. Dry scaly lesions were found more frequently. The shared bathrooms and living in overcrowded and the use of common elements were the most important in this study associated factors.Conclusions: Dermatomycoses are common in vulnerable populations and are associated with different very similar to those found in other studies of the same nature factors. Keywords: ringworm, onychomycosis, young, old, associated factors.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of the antifungal activity of Marco (Ambrosia arborescens Mill.) and Matico (Aristeguietia glutinosa Lam.) on the pathogenic fungi that cause dermatomycosis (ringworm)

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 559
Author(s):  
Tatiana de los Ángeles Mosquera Tayupanta ◽  
Sandra Elizabeth Ayala Valarezo ◽  
Tatiana Alexandra Vasquez Villareal ◽  
María Belén Montaluisa Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova

Background: Currently, there is a trend towards using natural and ethnopharmacological species with therapeutic potential. This investigation evaluated the antifungal activity of two species in the Ecuadorian Andes, which are used in treating dermatomycosis: Ambrosia arborescens Mill. (Marco) and Aristeguietia glutinosa Lam. (Matico). Methods: We worked with seven concentrations (100 to 700ppm) of Ambrosia arborescens Mill. extract and ten concentrations (0.5 to 5%) of essential oil (EO) of Aristeguietia glutinosa Lam. on Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533, Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 28188, Microsporum canis ATCC 36299 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The methodology used was a modified version of the Kirby-Bauer method, using diffusion in agar wells. Results: The Tukey test, after the one-way Anova, determined effective concentrations of EO: 5% for Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 4.5% for Trichophyton rubrum, 5% for Microsporum canis and 2% for Candida albicans. In the extracts, the concentration of 700ppm was used for Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and 600ppm for Microsporum canis and Candida albicans. Conclusions: The evaluation of the antifungal activity of the Ambrosia arborescens extract showed inhibition in the studied dermatophytes in each one of the planted concentrations (100 to 700ppm). The evaluation of the antifungal activity of Aristeguietia glutinosa EO showed inhibition in the studied dermatophytes in each of the planted concentrations (0.5 to 5%).

scholarly journals A Two-Way Road: Antagonistic Interaction Between Dual-Species Biofilms Formed by Candida albicans/Candida parapsilosis and Trichophyton rubrum

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Morais Garcia ◽  
Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi ◽  
Níura Madalena Bila ◽  
Carolina Orlando Vaso ◽  
Larissa Naiara Carvalho Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Antagonistic Interaction

Dermoscopic Features of Toenail Onychomycosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noureddine Litaiem ◽  
Ines Nakouri ◽  
Sabrine Bouhlel ◽  
Yasmine Mansour ◽  
Meriem Bouchakoua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Proximal Margin ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Clinical Subtype

Background Onychomycosis is the most common infectious nail disorder. Direct mycologic examination is still the cornerstone of diagnosis; however, it may take several weeks to obtain a result. Recently some dermoscopic patterns that can be useful in the diagnosis of onychomycosis were described. However, published data on dermoscopic features of onychomycosis are still limited. Methods We performed a prospective dermoscopic study of patients with positive fungal culture between April and December 2016. Patients with a final diagnosis of psoriasis or lichen planus were excluded from the study. Dermoscopy (polarized and nonpolarized) was performed. Results Thirty-seven patients were enrolled, 24 women and 13 men (median ± SD age, 48.6 ± 16.1 years). Nail samples were culture positive for Trichophyton rubrum (89.2%), Trichophyton interdigitale (8.1%), and Candida albicans (2.7%). Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis was the most frequent clinical subtype (59.5%). The most frequent dermoscopic features were subungual keratosis (73.0%), distal subungual longitudinal striae (70.3%), spikes of the proximal margin of an onycholytic area (59.5%), transverse superficial leukonychia (29.7%), and linear hemorrhage (13.5%). Brown chromonychia was most frequently seen with nonpolarized dermoscopy (66.6% versus 24%; P = .027). Conclusions Specific dermoscopic signs of onychomycosis are mostly related to the proximal invasion of the nail plate. Detection of these signs is simple and can, in some cases, help avoid mycologic testing.

scholarly journals Onychomycosis and Children – A Multicenter Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
L. Zisova ◽  
A. Chokoeva ◽  
E. Sotiriou ◽  
V. Valtchev ◽  
D. Gospodinov
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Direct Microscopic Examination ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Yeasts And Molds

Summary Onychomycosis is a chronic disease caused by dermatophytes, yeasts and molds, which leads to destruction of the nail plate of the fingernails and toenails. The incidence of onychomycosis in children is considerably smaller compared with that in adults. Onychomycosis in children under 6 years of age is particularly unusual. The trauma and the hyperhidrosis after puberty are the major predisposing factor for fungal nail infection in childhood. Some systemic diseases and congenital syndromes have a crucial role for the development of onychomycosis in children. Wearing infected socks and shoes of other family members, family history for fungal infection of the nails, reduced hygiene and onychophagia are other important predisposing factors. Dermatophytic species Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Epidermophyton flocosum are the most frequent causative agents of onychomycosis in adults and much less common yeast of the genus Candida. A retrospective study for a period of 11 years was performed (2003-2013) investigating 292 children aged 0 to 18 years with proven onychomycosis (123 - from Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 94 - from Pleven, Bulgaria, and 75 - from Thessaloniki, Greece). Candida albicans was the main etiologic agent in onychomycosis in children under 18 years of age, according to the performed retrospective study. The diagnose was made by direct microscopic examination and fungal culture on Sabouraud agar media.

scholarly journals Photodynamic Eradication of Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Anton Valkov ◽  
Michael Zinigrad ◽  
Marina Nisnevitch
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Glycerol Water ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Malachite Green Oxalate

Conventional methods of onychomycosis treatment are ineffective in some cases because the cure of onychomycosis very often depends on the patient’s individual response to the treatment; therefore, there is a crucial need to research and develop new methods of onychomycosis therapy. One of the most innovative treatments is photodynamic therapy (PDT) using photosensitizers (PSs). However, effective treatment depends on the correct choice of photosensitizer and substances that improve the characteristics of the final formulation. The aim of our work was to find an effective formulation for the treatment of onychomycosis. To achieve this goal, we tested the effect of three types of PSs, rose Bengal (RB), malachite green oxalate (MGO), and methylene blue (MB), on Candida albicans. The most effective PS was RB, and so the study was continued with Trichophyton rubrum. Additional comparative studies were carried out on substances included in the formulation (urea and thiourea), focusing on their antifungal activity, which can improve penetration through the nail plate. The composition of the formulation that achieved 100% eradication of Trichophyton rubrum under our conditions consisted of 150 μM RB, 5% urea, and 0.5% thiourea in glycerol/water (70/30%, w/w) solution. A white luminescent lamp was used as a light source (1.9 ± 0.1 mW cm−2). Stability of the formulation was checked. The selected formulation shows potential for future simplification and acceleration of PDT treatment of onychomycosis.

scholarly journals A New In Vitro Model to Evaluate Anti-Adhesive Effect against Fungal Nail Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1977
Author(s):  
Paola Perugini ◽  
Margherita Bonetti ◽  
Marta Guerini ◽  
Giorgio Musitelli ◽  
Pietro Grisoli
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Social Life ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Pharmaceutical Product ◽  
Vitro Model

Nail fungal infection is often mistakenly considered a minor issue or a purely esthetic problem that is not worth solving. However, onychomycosis has been demonstrated to have a negative impact on a patient’s social life. Therefore, given the poor efficacy of various therapy types, there is strong interest in exploring new methods for evaluating antifungal treatments. As such, the aim of this work was to develop a new protocol, using bovine hoof membranes as a model of the human nail to evaluate the capability of a product claiming to prevent fungal adhesion, which is the first step of the infection. In this work, two specific and representative fungal strains, Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans, were used. In order to evaluate the possible protective activity of a product against fungal contamination of the nail plate, it was first necessary to test the affinity of the hoof membranes to be contaminated by the fungi. Then, a pharmaceutical product and a base coat were tested as a positive and negative control, respectively, by introducing the membranes (anti-fungal, basic or no treatment and single vs. multiple treatments) into the fungal suspensions for three different contact times (15 min, 5 h and 24 h). The results showed that the more significant antiadhesive effect (AE) was obtained against Trichophyton rubrum than against Candida albicans. Furthermore, taking into account the results obtained at all testing times, 5 h appeared to be the best time for testing the antiadhesive activity. The results obtained after three treatments with drugs and on washed membranes, in comparison to one single application of antifungal product (AP), demonstrated clearly that the drug was able to penetrate deeper into the membranes to exert itself, even after washing and also after only 15 min of contact. Thus, hoof membrane has been shown to be a valuable in vitro model for this kind of product assessment.

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