Facile Polycyclotrimerization of “Simple” Arylene Bipropiolates: A Metal-Free, Regioselective Route to Functional Hyperbranched Polymers with High Optical Transparency, Tunable Refractive Index, Low Chromatic Aberration, and Photoresponsive Patternability

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 4099-4109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy K. W. Jim ◽  
Anjun Qin ◽  
Jacky W. Y. Lam ◽  
Matthias Häussler ◽  
Jianzhao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Hyperbranched Polymers ◽  
Optical Transparency ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Tunable Refractive Index

Highly transparent and flexible polyimide/ZrO2 nanocomposite optical films with a tunable refractive index and Abbe number

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (70) ◽  
pp. 13523-13526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Liang Tsai ◽  
Guey-Sheng Liou
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Transparency ◽  
Hybrid Films ◽  
Optical Films ◽  
Tunable Refractive Index

The obtained PI/ZrO2 hybrid films revealed excellent optical transparency, a tunable refractive index and an Abbe number of 1.804 and 32.18, respectively.

scholarly journals A Polymer Asymmetric Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Sensor Model Based on Electrode Thermal Writing Waveguide Technology

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Lin ◽  
Yi ◽  
Cao ◽  
Lv ◽  
Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Slab Thickness ◽  
Change Mechanism ◽  
Sensor Model ◽  
Temperature Detection ◽  
Tunable Refractive Index ◽  
Waveguide Core ◽  
Waveguide Sensor

This paper presents a novel electrode thermal writing waveguide based on a heating-induced refractive index change mechanism. The mode condition and the electrode thermal writing parameters were optimized, and the output patterns of the optical field were obtained in a series of simulations. Moreover, the effect of various adjustments on the sensing range of the nanoimprint M-Z temperature sensor was analyzed theoretically. A refractive index asymmetry Mach–Zehnder (M-Z) waveguide sensor with a tunable refractive index for a waveguide core layer was simulated with a length difference of 946.1 µm. The optimal width and height of the invert ridge waveguide were 2 μm and 2.8 μm, respectively, while the slab thickness was 1.2 μm. The sensing accuracy was calculated to range from 2.0896 × 104 to 5.1252 × 104 in the 1.51–1.54 region. The sensing fade issue can be resolved by changing the waveguide core refractive index to 0.001 via an electrode thermal writing method. Thermal writing a single M-Z waveguide arm changes its refractive index by 0.03. The sensor’s accuracy can be improved 1.5 times by the proposed method. The sensor described in this paper shows great prospects in organism temperature detection, molecular analysis, and biotechnology applications.

scholarly journals Comparison of Transparency and Shrinkage During Clearing of Insect Brains Using Media With Tunable Refractive Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo M. B. Bekkouche ◽  
Helena K. M. Fritz ◽  
Elisa Rigosi ◽  
David C. O'Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Vacuum Treatment ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Light Sheet Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Shrinkage ◽  
Tunable Refractive Index ◽  
The Brain

Improvement of imaging quality has the potential to visualize previously unseen building blocks of the brain and is therefore one of the great challenges in neuroscience. Rapid development of new tissue clearing techniques in recent years have attempted to solve imaging compromises in thick brain samples, particularly for high resolution optical microscopy, where the clearing medium needs to match the high refractive index of the objective immersion medium. These problems are exacerbated in insect tissue, where numerous (initially air-filled) tracheal tubes branching throughout the brain increase the scattering of light. To date, surprisingly few studies have systematically quantified the benefits of such clearing methods using objective transparency and tissue shrinkage measurements. In this study we compare a traditional and widely used insect clearing medium, methyl salicylate combined with permanent mounting in Permount (“MS/P”) with several more recently applied clearing media that offer tunable refractive index (n): 2,2′-thiodiethanol (TDE), “SeeDB2” (in variants SeeDB2S and SeeDB2G matched to oil and glycerol immersion, n = 1.52 and 1.47, respectively) and Rapiclear (also with n = 1.52 and 1.47). We measured transparency and tissue shrinkage by comparing freshly dissected brains with cleared brains from dipteran flies, with or without addition of vacuum or ethanol pre-treatments (dehydration and rehydration) to evacuate air from the tracheal system. The results show that ethanol pre-treatment is very effective for improving transparency, regardless of the subsequent clearing medium, while vacuum treatment offers little measurable benefit. Ethanol pre-treated SeeDB2G and Rapiclear brains show much less shrinkage than using the traditional MS/P method. Furthermore, at lower refractive index, closer to that of glycerol immersion, these recently developed media offer outstanding transparency compared to TDE and MS/P. Rapiclear protocols were less laborious compared to SeeDB2, but both offer sufficient transparency and refractive index tunability to permit super-resolution imaging of local volumes in whole mount brains from large insects, and even light-sheet microscopy. Although long-term permanency of Rapiclear stored samples remains to be established, our samples still showed good preservation of fluorescence after storage for more than a year at room temperature.

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