FIB-SEM and TEMT Observation of Highly Elastic Rubbery Material with Nanomatrix Structure

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 4510-4513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi Kawahara ◽  
Yoshimasa Yamamoto ◽  
Shuji Fujii ◽  
Yoshinobu Isono ◽  
Ken-ichi Niihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rubbery Material ◽  
Nanomatrix Structure

DETERMINATION OF A SUITABLE CONDITION OF GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION OF VINYLTRIETHOXYSILANE ONTO NR TO FORM NANOMATRIX STRUCTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanbing Zhou ◽  
Yoshimasa Yamamoto ◽  
Seiichi Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Suitable Condition ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Silica Matrix ◽  
Rubber Particles ◽  
Hydrolysis And Condensation ◽  
Nanomatrix Structure

ABSTRACT Graft copolymerization of vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) onto NR particles in the latex stage is a unique reaction, since it occurs together with hydrolysis and condensation of the triethoxysilane group of VTES to form a colloidal silica linking to the rubber particles. These reactions may contribute to the formation of a silica nanomatrix structure that consists of a dispersoid of rubber particles as the major component and a silica matrix as the minor component. Here, the graft copolymerization of VTES followed by hydrolysis and condensation is investigated to determine a suitable condition to prepare NR with a silica nanomatrix structure. The mechanical properties of the resulting graft copolymer are discussed in relation to the morphology, silica content, and gel content of the rubber. Based on morphological observations, NR particles with an average diameter of approximately 1 μm are well dispersed in a nanomatrix consisting of silica nanoparticles. The thickness of the silica nanomatrix increases as the monomer concentration increases, and a long incubation time generates large silica nanoparticles. The tensile strength and viscoelastic properties are significantly improved by forming the silica nanomatrix structure, with its continuous structure that prevents the NR particles from merging.

A pop-up rubbery material that can unpop

Physics Today ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-19
Author(s):  
Steven K. Blau
Keyword(s):  
Rubbery Material

Entropic and Energetic Elasticities of Natural Rubber with a Nanomatrix Structure

Langmuir ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (38) ◽  
pp. 11341-11348
Author(s):  
Yoshimasa Yamamoto ◽  
Kota Endo ◽  
Quentin Tévenot ◽  
Kenichiro Kosugi ◽  
Ken Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Nanomatrix Structure

Preparation and properties of natural rubber with filler nanomatrix structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 293 (8) ◽  
pp. 2249-2256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Hayati Yusof ◽  
Kenshi Noguchi ◽  
Lina Fukuhara ◽  
Yoshimasa Yamamoto ◽  
Seiichi Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Nanomatrix Structure

Orientation Effects in Rubber Double Networks

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Roland ◽  
M. L. Warzel
Keyword(s):  
Network Formation ◽  
Double Network ◽  
Stable Orientation ◽  
Enhanced Strain ◽  
Strain Induced Crystallization ◽  
Failure Properties ◽  
Residual Strains ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Double Networks ◽  
Rubbery Material

Abstract The utilization of network structure to impart stable orientation to a rubbery material has been largely unexploited to date. It is demonstrated that the presence of a double network will amplify both the modulus and strain crystallizability of an elastomer, presumably without the disadvantages encountered in achieving these through simple increases in crosslink density. The high residual strains obtained via double-network formation are accompanied by surprisingly low levels of birefringence. The extent of molecular orientation necessary to engender high residual strain is evidently quite low, at least in so far as the former is reflected in a bulk macroscopic measurement such as birefringence. This low equilibrium birefringence, along with the absence of any measurable thermal crystallization effects, indicate that double networks are actually not highly oriented. As seen from their higher moduli and higher strain optical coefficients relative to single networks, and from their enhanced strain crystallizability, double networks are evidently very orientable. Investigation of this aspect of the behavior of double networks would likely prove fruitful, not only concerning these materials, but also with regard to obtaining a broader understanding of rubber elasticity. While the enhancement of strain-induced crystallization might suggest that rubbers with double networks will exhibit superior failure properties, this remains to be demonstrated. The crystallization results described herein clearly raise more questions than can presently be answered concerning the behavior of rubbers with double networks.

EFFECT OF DECELERATED FERMENTATION ON MORPHOLOGY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RUBBER LATEX

2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oraphin Chaikumpollert ◽  
Osamu Wakisaka ◽  
Akio Mase ◽  
Yoshimasa Yamamoto ◽  
Krisda Suchiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Scanning Probe Microscopy ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Gel Content ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nanomatrix Structure ◽  
Morphology And Mechanical Properties

ABSTRACT Decelerated fermentation of natural rubber latex was performed to investigate the relationship between the morphology and mechanical properties of natural rubber. Natural rubber latex was preserved with sodium hydroxymethylglycinate, as a bactericide, to decelerate the fermentation of nonrubber components such as proteins, phospholipids, carbohydrate, and so forth. Gradual increases in the viscosity of the latex and gel content of the resulting rubber took place as the preservation period was prolonged, which were distinguished from less change in the viscosity of high-ammonia natural rubber (HANR) and high gel content of its rubber. The particle size distribution was dramatically changed during decelerated fermentation, although that of the HANR latex did not change. The pH and nitrogen content of the rubbers were independent of the preservation time. Morphology of the fermented natural rubber and the HANR was observed with scanning probe microscopy. Fewer mechanical properties of the fermented natural rubber were related to the destruction of the nanomatrix structure of the nonrubber components, which resulted from the decrease in the fatty acid ester groups with bacteria as compared with the good mechanical properties of the HANR.

Stability of a sandwich plate composed of rubbery material

1973 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-293
Author(s):  
A. N. Guz' ◽  
A. V. Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Sandwich Plate ◽  
Rubbery Material

Frozen non-equilibrium structure for anisotropically deformed natural rubber with nanomatrix structure observed by 3D FIB-SEM and electron tomography

2015 ◽  
Vol 293 (9) ◽  
pp. 2555-2563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Fukuhara ◽  
Kenichiro Kosugi ◽  
Yoshimasa Yamamoto ◽  
Hiroshi Jinnai ◽  
Hideo Nishioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Equilibrium Structure ◽  
Nanomatrix Structure ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Nature and hydrocarbon content of blooms of the alga Botryococcus braunii occuring in Australian freshwater lakes

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
LV Wake ◽  
LW Hillen
Keyword(s):  
Linear Chain ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Strong Resemblance ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Australian Freshwater ◽  
Rubbery Material

Under Australian conditions blooms of B. braunii were found to have hydrocarbon oil contents between 27 and 40% of the dry mass. The highest oil content was observed in a red bloom and the lowest in a green bloom of the organism. A number of branched-chain hydrocarbons of the general formula Cm H2n-10. where n equals 30. 34. 35. 36 and 37, have been found in both red and green blooms of the alga. Twelve of these hydrocarbons are novel to the present study and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry indicates that these compounds are closely related to or isomeric with botryococcene. Straight-chain hydrocarbons were present only in the green stage of the organism. Evidence for the simultaneous occurrence of branched- and linear-chain hydrocarbons in the same plant is inconclusive as blooms which revealed both types of hydrocarbons were known to contain both stages of the alga. The chemical parameters measured, both of the cell material and of the waters in which they grow, have thus far failed to explain why conditions are sometimes more favourable to the formation of B. braunii blooms than at other times. B. braunii has been observed to form shoreline deposits which undergo a change in pigmentation during desiccation to produce a black rubbery material bearing a strong resemblance to Coorongite. A detailed comparison has yet to be undertaken.

scholarly journals Formation of organic–inorganic nanomatrix structure with nanosilica networks and its effect on properties of rubber

Polymer ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichiro Kosugi ◽  
Hitoshi Arai ◽  
Yuanbing Zhou ◽  
Seiichi Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Nanomatrix Structure
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document