Nature and hydrocarbon content of blooms of the alga Botryococcus braunii occuring in Australian freshwater lakes

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
LV Wake ◽  
LW Hillen
Keyword(s):  
Linear Chain ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Strong Resemblance ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Australian Freshwater ◽  
Rubbery Material

Under Australian conditions blooms of B. braunii were found to have hydrocarbon oil contents between 27 and 40% of the dry mass. The highest oil content was observed in a red bloom and the lowest in a green bloom of the organism. A number of branched-chain hydrocarbons of the general formula Cm H2n-10. where n equals 30. 34. 35. 36 and 37, have been found in both red and green blooms of the alga. Twelve of these hydrocarbons are novel to the present study and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry indicates that these compounds are closely related to or isomeric with botryococcene. Straight-chain hydrocarbons were present only in the green stage of the organism. Evidence for the simultaneous occurrence of branched- and linear-chain hydrocarbons in the same plant is inconclusive as blooms which revealed both types of hydrocarbons were known to contain both stages of the alga. The chemical parameters measured, both of the cell material and of the waters in which they grow, have thus far failed to explain why conditions are sometimes more favourable to the formation of B. braunii blooms than at other times. B. braunii has been observed to form shoreline deposits which undergo a change in pigmentation during desiccation to produce a black rubbery material bearing a strong resemblance to Coorongite. A detailed comparison has yet to be undertaken.

scholarly journals The Stool Volatile Metabolome of Pre-Term Babies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3341
Author(s):  
Alessandra Frau ◽  
Lauren Lett ◽  
Rachael Slater ◽  
Gregory R. Young ◽  
Christopher J. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Mixed Modelling

The fecal metabolome in early life has seldom been studied. We investigated its evolution in pre-term babies during their first weeks of life. Multiple (n = 152) stool samples were studied from 51 babies, all <32 weeks gestation. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Data were interpreted using Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution System (AMDIS) with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) reference library. Statistical analysis was based on linear mixed modelling, the number of VOCs increased over time; a rise was mainly observed between day 5 and day 10. The shift at day 5 was associated with products of branched-chain fatty acids. Prior to this, the metabolome was dominated by aldehydes and acetic acid. Caesarean delivery showed a modest association with molecules of fungal origin. This study shows how the metabolome changes in early life in pre-term babies. The shift in the metabolome 5 days after delivery coincides with the establishment of enteral feeding and the transition from meconium to feces. Great diversity of metabolites was associated with being fed greater volumes of milk.

Cellular fatty acids of Peptococcus variabilis and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-667
Author(s):  
C W Moss ◽  
M A Lambert ◽  
G L Lombard
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acids ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Branched Chain

Cellular fatty acids of Peptococcus variables and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius were identified by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and associated analytical techniques. Iso- and anteiso-branched-chain acids were major components in both species.

Identification of Non-Volatile Components and Volatile Organic Compounds in Wet Building Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 825-828
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Neng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Acrylic Emulsion ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The major volatile components in two solvent-based paints, two thinners, and four adhesives have been identified by a method involving pre-treatment by solvent dilution, filtration, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The non-volatile components in these wet building materials have been determined by infrared spectroscopy. The results have shown the major volatile organic compounds in one-component polyurethane varnish and alkyd paint thinner to be nonane, decane, undecane, xylene, ethylbenzene and ethyltoluene. The main film-forming matter in cement floor paint has been identified as styrenated acrylic emulsion, with the volatile components being mainly butyl acetate, decane and benzene series. The basic substances in these adhesives were polychloroprene, styrene butadiene carboxylated latex, or polyvinyl acetate emulsion. The primary volatile compounds in two adhesives were methyl acetate, and many branched-chain and normal alkanes, while those in the other two adhesives were toluene and benzene.

scholarly journals Associations between Plasma Branched Chain Amino Acids and Health Biomarkers in Response to Resistance Exercise Training Across Age

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3029
Author(s):  
Mariwan H. Sayda ◽  
Bethan E. Phillips ◽  
John P. Williams ◽  
Paul L. Greenhaff ◽  
Daniel J. Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Branched Chain

Leucine, isoleucine and valine (i.e., the branched chain amino acids, BCAA) play a key role in the support of tissue protein regulation and can be mobilized as energy substrates during times of starvation. However, positive relationships exist between elevated levels of BCAA and insulin resistance (IR). Thus, we sought to investigate the links between fasting plasma BCAA following a progressive resistance exercise training (RET) programme, an intervention known to improve metabolic health. Fasting plasma BCAA were quantified in adults (young: 18–28 y, n = 8; middle-aged: 45–55 y, n = 9; older: 65–75 y, n = 15; BMI: 23–28 kg/m2, both males and females (~50:50), in a cross-sectional, intervention study. Participants underwent 20-weeks whole-body RET. Measurements of body composition, muscle strength (1-RM) and metabolic health biomarkers (e.g., HOMA-IR) were made at baseline and post-RET. BCAA concentrations were determined by gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). No associations were observed across age with BCAA; however, RET elicited (p < 0.05) increases in plasma BCAA (all age-groups), while HOMA-IR scores reduced (p < 0.05) following RET. After RET, positive correlations in lean body mass (p = 0.007) and strength gains (p = 0.001) with fasting BCAA levels were observed. Elevated BCAA are not a robust marker of ageing nor IR in those with a healthy BMI; rather, despite decreasing IR, RET was associated with increased BCAA.

scholarly journals Acid Stress-Mediated Metabolic Shift in Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis LSCE1

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 2656-2666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana I. Serrazanetti ◽  
Maurice Ndagijimana ◽  
Sylvain L. Sado-Kamdem ◽  
Aldo Corsetti ◽  
Rudi F. Vogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metabolic Shift ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lactobacillus Sanfranciscensis ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Branched Chain

ABSTRACTLactobacillus sanfranciscensisLSCE1 was selected as a target organism originating from recurrently refreshed sourdough to study the metabolic rerouting associated with the acid stress exposure during sourdough fermentation. In particular, the acid stress induced a metabolic shift toward overproduction of 3-methylbutanoic and 2-methylbutanoic acids accompanied by reduced sugar consumption and primary carbohydrate metabolite production. The fate of labeled leucine, the role of different nutrients and precursors, and the expression of the genes involved in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism were evaluated at pH 3.6 and 5.8. The novel application of the program XCMS to the solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) data allowed accurate separation and quantification of 2-methylbutanoic and 3-methylbutanoic acids, generally reported as a cumulative datum. The metabolites coming from BCAA catabolism increased up to seven times under acid stress. The gene expression analysis confirmed that some genes associated with BCAA catabolism were overexpressed under acid conditions. The experiment with labeled leucine showed that 2-methylbutanoic acid originated also from leucine. While the overproduction of 3-methylbutanoic acid under acid stress can be attributed to the need to maintain redox balance, the rationale for the production of 2-methylbutanoic acid from leucine can be found in a newly proposed biosynthesis pathway leading to 2-methylbutanoic acid and 3 mol of ATP per mol of leucine. Leucine catabolism to 3-methylbutanoic and 2-methylbutanoic acids suggests that the switch from sugar to amino acid catabolism supports growth inL. sanfranciscensisin restricted environments such as sourdough characterized by acid stress and recurrent carbon starvation.

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