A Combined Physical–Chemical Polymerization Process for Fabrication of Nanoparticle–Hydrogel Sensing Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (20) ◽  
pp. 8382-8386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingzhou Cui ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Baohua Gu ◽  
Liyuan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Chemical Polymerization ◽  
Physical Chemical

Design of Compatibilizing Interfacial Polymer Layers Using a Macroinitiator

2009 ◽  
Vol 62-64 ◽  
pp. 311-316
Author(s):  
M.K. Oduola
Keyword(s):  
Graft Polymerization ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Effective Activation Energy ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
Effective Activation ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Tio2 Particles ◽  
Heterogeneous Polymerization ◽  
Physical Chemical

. Immobilization of an amine-containing peroxide macroinitiator APM onto solid mineral surfaces has been achieved via physical/chemical adsorption of its macromolecules from solution. A systematic variation of reaction parameters upon graft polymerization initiated by surface-attached APM including nature of monomer and solvent has been conducted. The effect of solvent and nature of monomer on the overall constant of polymerization, effective activation energy, initiation efficiency as well as other parameters of elementary stages of the process has been established. It has been revealed that the involvement of TiO2 particles with the surface-attached radicals in the heterogeneous polymerization process profoundly influenced all the elementary stages, particularly chain transfer and termination.

STUDIES ON CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED DOPED POLY(O-ANISIDINE) AND COPOLY{ANILINE-(O-ANISIDINE)}

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 1461-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. KONDAWAR ◽  
M. J. HEDAU ◽  
V. A. TABHANE ◽  
S. P. DONGRE ◽  
U. B. MAHATME ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽  
Chemical Polymerization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Polymerization Method

Substituted polyaniline poly(o-anisidine) and copoly{aniline-(o-anisidine)} were synthesized by the oxidative chemical polymerization method. Sulfuric acid was used as the dopant during the polymerization process. Synthesized polymers were subjected to the spectroscopic, X-ray and thermal analysis. Formation of different oxidation states of the polymer were confirmed by the spectroscopic (UV-VIS and FTIR) analysis. Polymers reveal polycrystalline nature and orthorhombic crystal structure. Three step decomposition patterns similar to that of polyaniline are observed in the thermogram. The conductivity is found to be higher in copoly{aniline-(o-anisidine)} than poly(o-anisidine). Increase in conductivity with increasing temperature was observed in both of the polymers.

Physical-Chemical Investigations of Artificial Rubber

1942 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 854-859
Author(s):  
A. Springer
Keyword(s):  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
Chain Molecules ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Thermal Measurements ◽  
Heats Of Combustion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Energy Relations

Abstract Among the physical methods of which use has been made to explain the structure of organic compounds, thermal measurements, particularly measurements of heats of combustion, have played a particularly important part. With the aid of data on heats of combustion, it is possible to draw conclusions on the energy relations within molecules and on the heat tones of chemical transformations. Such measurements have been carried out on highly polymeric substances. In some cases, the object was to study the reactions of formation. e.g., polymerization; in other cases it was to explain the transformations which high polymers themselves undergo. Studies of polymerization reactions by thermal methods have shown that, in distinction to monomers, a decrease in the heat of combustion with increase in the degree of polymerization is to be expected. The polymerization process is accordingly exothermic, and the difference between the heats of combustion represents the heat of polymerization which is liberated. A direct comparison of heats of polymerization found experimentally by different investigators is, however, not possible because, in most cases, no information on the degree of polymerization, branching of the chain molecules, or other significant properties of the polymers are given.

scholarly journals Chemical polymerization of aniline in phenylphosphinic acid

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 1169-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Plesu ◽  
Gheorghe Ilia ◽  
Geza Bandur ◽  
Simona Popa
Keyword(s):  
Average Density ◽  
Inherent Viscosity ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Chemical Polymerization ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Synthesis Parameters ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Thermogravimetric Data ◽  
Pani Salt ◽  
Pani Base

The chemical polymerization of aniline was performed in phenylphosphinic acid (APP) medium using ammonium peroxidisulfate as the oxidizing agent, at 0 ?C and 25 ?C. The yield of polyaniline (PANI) was about 60?69 %. The polymerization process required an induction time 8?10 times greater than in other acids (hydrochloric, sulfuric). The average density of the obtained polymer was 1.395 g cm-3 for PANI-salt and 1.203 g cm-3 for PANI-base. The acid capacity of PANI depends on the synthesis parameters and the maximum value was 15.02 meq/g polymer. The inherent viscosity of PANI was 0.662 dl/g at aniline/oxidant molar ratios >2 and 0 ?C. The oxidation state was a function of the synthesis parameters and lay between 0.553?0.625, as determined from UV-VIS and titration with TiCl3 data. The PANI samples were characterized by measurements of their density, inherent viscosity conductivity, acid capacity, FTIR and UV-VIS spectrum, and thermogravimetric data.

Research Progress on Inherently Conducting Polymer Coated Paper

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1396-1400
Author(s):  
Xue Ren Qian
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Conductive Polymers ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Aqueous Electrolytes ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Chemical Polymerization ◽  
Conductive Paper

In recent years, conductive paper produced by in-situ chemical polymerization of pyrrole and aniline in aqueous electrolytes has aroused a great interest. The in-situ chemical polymerization process is a process in which a monomer such as aniline or pyrrole is polymerized in the presence of pulp fibers. This approach can not only impart to paper specific functions, but also provide a new possibility for the processing and utilization of conductive polymers. In this paper, the research progress on inherently conducting polymer coated paper was overviewed.

A new chemical polymerization process for substituted anilines

2005 ◽  
Vol 149 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Falcou ◽  
A. Duchêne ◽  
P. Hourquebie ◽  
D. Marsacq ◽  
A. Balland-Longeau
Keyword(s):  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Substituted Anilines ◽  
Chemical Polymerization

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Protein Macromolecules

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 424-425
Author(s):  
Henry S. Slayter
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Transmission Electron

Electron microscopic methods have been applied increasingly during the past fifteen years, to problems in structural molecular biology. Used in conjunction with physical chemical methods and/or Fourier methods of analysis, they constitute powerful tools for determining sizes, shapes and modes of aggregation of biopolymers with molecular weights greater than 50, 000. However, the application of the e.m. to the determination of very fine structure approaching the limit of instrumental resolving power in biological systems has not been productive, due to various difficulties such as the destructive effects of dehydration, damage to the specimen by the electron beam, and lack of adequate and specific contrast. One of the most satisfactory methods for contrasting individual macromolecules involves the deposition of heavy metal vapor upon the specimen. We have investigated this process, and present here what we believe to be the more important considerations for optimizing it. Results of the application of these methods to several biological systems including muscle proteins, fibrinogen, ribosomes and chromatin will be discussed.

Seeking to uncover biology's chemical roots

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addy Pross
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
The Road ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Systems Chemistry ◽  
Biological World ◽  
Inanimate Matter ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Opening Up

Despite the considerable advances in molecular biology over the past several decades, the nature of the physical–chemical process by which inanimate matter become transformed into simplest life remains elusive. In this review, we describe recent advances in a relatively new area of chemistry, systems chemistry, which attempts to uncover the physical–chemical principles underlying that remarkable transformation. A significant development has been the discovery that within the space of chemical potentiality there exists a largely unexplored kinetic domain which could be termed dynamic kinetic chemistry. Our analysis suggests that all biological systems and associated sub-systems belong to this distinct domain, thereby facilitating the placement of biological systems within a coherent physical/chemical framework. That discovery offers new insights into the origin of life process, as well as opening the door toward the preparation of active materials able to self-heal, adapt to environmental changes, even communicate, mimicking what transpires routinely in the biological world. The road to simplest proto-life appears to be opening up.

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