Superstructures of Temporarily Stabilized Nanocrystalline CaCO3Particles:  Morphological Control via Water Surface Tension Variation

Langmuir ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Rudloff ◽  
Helmut Cölfen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Morphological Control

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

scholarly journals Adsorption Properties of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Surfactants Ternary Mixture at the Water-Air Interface

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4313
Author(s):  
Bronisław Jańczuk ◽  
Katarzyna Szymczyk ◽  
Anna Zdziennicka
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Standard Free Energy ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Free Energy Of Adsorption ◽  
Interface Tension ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Surface Excess Concentration ◽  
Tail Water ◽  
Triton X

Measurements were made of the surface tension of the aqueous solutions of p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenoxypoly(ethylene glycols) having 10 oxyethylene groups in the molecule (Triton X-100, TX100) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with Zonyl FSN-100 (FC6EO14, FC1) as well as with Zonyl FSO-100 (FC5EO10, FC2) ternary mixtures. The obtained results were compared to those provided by the Fainerman and Miller equation and to the values of the solution surface tension calculated, based on the contribution of a particular surfactant in the mixture to the reduction of water surface tension. The changes of the aqueous solution ternary surfactants mixture surface tension at the constant concentration of TX100 and CTAB mixture at which the water surface tension was reduced to 60 and 50 mN/m as a function of fluorocarbon surfactant concentration, were considered with regard to the composition of the mixed monolayer at the water-air interface. Next, this composition was applied for the calculation of the concentration of the particular surfactants in the monolayer using the Frumkin equation. On the other hand, the Gibbs surface excess concentration was determined only for the fluorocarbon surfactants. The tendency of the particular surfactants to adsorb at the water-air interface was discussed, based on the Gibbs standard free energy of adsorption which was determined using different methods. This energy was also deduced, based on the surfactant tail surface tension and tail-water interface tension.

Pilgrim Trust Lecture, Molecular layers

1939 ◽  
Vol 170 (940) ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Critical Thickness ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Oily Contamination ◽  
Molecular Layers ◽  
Modern Work

If fragments of camphor are placed upon a clean water surface they move about vigorously and may even be made to propel toy boats. The late Lord Rayleigh (1890 a, 1890 c) found that these movements stopped rather abruptly if the surface tension of the water was lowered by 21 dynes/cm. by oily contamination of the surface. The amount of olive oil needed for this purpose was surprisingly small, corresponding to a thickness of only 16 A (16 x 10 -8 cm.). Miss Pockels (1891) proved that any amount of olive oil less than enough to give a critical thickness of about 10 A had no effect whatever on the surface tension of water, but above this limit the surface tension decreased rapidly as the amount of oil was increased. Only 5 g. of olive oil would be needed to cover an acre of water surface with a film of this critical thickness. Miss Pockels also showed that accidental contamination of the surface, which had previously complicated nearly all observations of surface-tension phenomena, could be eliminated by using a trough filled to the brim with water, and sweeping impurities off the surface by the motion of barriers which rested on the edges of the trough. This use of movable barriers to confine films, to compress them or to remove them from the surface, laid the foundation for nearly all the modern work with films on water. The early theories of surface tension had been developed by physicists (Thomas Young 1805; Laplace, Gauss, etc.) who either treated liquids as continuous fluids between whose elements of volume forces acted, or considered only spherical molecules which exerted upon one another forces that varied as a function of the distance between molecular centres. Such theories naturally could not take into account the wealth of knowledge that had been accumulated by organic chemists regarding the structures of organic molecules.

Aggregation behavior of pyridinium based ionic liquids in water – Surface tension, 1H NMR chemical shifts, SANS and SAXS measurements

2012 ◽  
Vol 371 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandhibatla V. Sastry ◽  
Nilesh M. Vaghela ◽  
Pradip M. Macwan ◽  
Saurabh S. Soni ◽  
Vinod K. Aswal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Aggregation Behavior ◽  
Nmr Chemical Shifts

Hot-State Numerical Simulation Study on Top-Blown Bath in ISA Furnace

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 7406-7412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Bo Wang ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Jian Xin Xu ◽  
Dao Fei Zhu ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Wall Functions ◽  
Injection Flow ◽  
Mixing Behavior ◽  
Free Falling ◽  
Theory Calculation

The 3D numerical models of a single free falling bubble hitting water surface and multi bubbles floating upward and fusing have been achieved by considering the influences of surface tension and wall functions in theoretical framework of VOF. On that basis, the 3D hot-state numerical model for simulating top-blown bath in ISA furnace is presented. The influences of the injection flow rate and the depth of immersion on mixing behavior and temperature distribution are discussed. The results of this paper provide the reference of theory calculation of optimizing operation of ISA furnace.

Relaxation of the water surface tension by humidification of the environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Alvarez Valenzuela ◽  
Sergio Jiménez López ◽  
Juan Sanchez Garcia Casarrubios ◽  
Ignacio Valiente Blanco ◽  
Efrén Diez Jimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface

Study of water surface mobile robot using surface tension

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (0) ◽  
pp. P12
Author(s):  
Kojiro HARA ◽  
Kenji SUZUKI ◽  
Shohei KANEDA ◽  
Hideaki TAKANOBU ◽  
Hirofumi MIURA
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Water Surface

Surface waves generated by a travelling pressure point

1964 ◽  
Vol 282 (1391) ◽  
pp. 547-558 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Asymptotic Form ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Infinite Depth ◽  
Pressure Point ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Kelvin’s classical ship-wave theory (Thomson 1891) gives an asymptotic form for the waves generated by a pressure point moving over a water surface. This paper presents a method of working out the asymptotic expansions which is simpler than those of the various previous theories, although it does not give new or more accurate results. The technique used is due to Lighthill (1958, 1960). The case in which the water has infinite depth is considered in detail, and corresponding results when the depth is finite are deduced. A final section considers the effect of surface tension.

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