Microporous Polymeric Materials by Microemulsion Polymerization: Effect of Surfactant Concentration

Langmuir ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3321-3326 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Chieng ◽  
L. M. Gan ◽  
C. H. Chew ◽  
L. Lee ◽  
S. C. Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Microemulsion Polymerization

Microporous Polymeric Materials from Microemulsion Polymerization

Langmuir ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4022-4026 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Gan ◽  
T. H. Chieng ◽  
C. H. Chew ◽  
S. C. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Microemulsion Polymerization

Surfactant concentration effects on the microemulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate

Polymer ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 2900-2907 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gómez-Cisneros ◽  
M.E. Treviño ◽  
R.D. Peralta ◽  
M. Rabelero ◽  
E. Mendizábal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Microemulsion Polymerization ◽  
Concentration Effects

Nanostructured Polymeric Materials from Microemulsion Polymerization Using Poly(ethylene oxide) Macromonomer

Langmuir ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6421-6426 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
L. M. Gan ◽  
C. H. Chew ◽  
W. K. Teo ◽  
L. H. Gan
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Microemulsion Polymerization ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Bicontinuous-Nanostructured Polymeric Materials from Microemulsion Polymerization

Langmuir ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6068-6076 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Chew ◽  
T. D. Li ◽  
L. H. Gan ◽  
C. H. Quek ◽  
L. M. Gan
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Microemulsion Polymerization

The Resolution and Contrast in Biological Sections Determined by Inelastic and Elastic Scattering

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
D. L. Misell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Elastic Ratio

In the electron microscopy of biological sections the adverse effect of chromatic aberration on image resolution is well known. In this paper calculations are presented for the inelastic and elastic image intensities using a wave-optical formulation. Quantitative estimates of the deterioration in image resolution as a result of chromatic aberration are presented as an alternative to geometric calculations. The predominance of inelastic scattering in the unstained biological and polymeric materials is shown by the inelastic to elastic ratio, I/E, within an objective aperture of 0.005 rad for amorphous carbon of a thickness, t=50nm, typical of biological sections; E=200keV, I/E=16.

Application Of Electron Microscopy To Automotive Finish Defect Analysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-259
Author(s):  
Martin J. Mahon ◽  
Patrick W. Keating ◽  
John T. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Defect Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Foreign Materials ◽  
Automotive Finish

Coatings are applied to appliances, instruments and automobiles for a variety of reasons including corrosion protection and enhancement of market value. Automobile finishes are a highly complex blend of polymeric materials which have a definite impact on the eventual ability of a car to sell. Consumers report that the gloss of the finish is one of the major items they look for in an automobile.With the finish being such an important part of the automobile, there is a zero tolerance for paint defects by auto assembly plant management. Owing to the increased complexity of the paint matrix and its inability to be “forgiving” when foreign materials are introduced into a newly applied finish, the analysis of paint defects has taken on unparalleled importance. Scanning electron microscopy with its attendant x-ray analysis capability is the premier method of examining defects and attempting to identify their root cause.Defects are normally examined by cutting out a coupon sized portion of the autobody and viewing in an SEM at various angles.

Colloidal systems in soils

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
J. Thieme ◽  
J. Niemeyer ◽  
P. Guttman
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Aggregation Phenomena ◽  
Iron And Manganese ◽  
Soil Colloids

In soil science the fraction of colloids in soils is understood as particles with diameters smaller than 2μm. Clay minerals, aquoxides of iron and manganese, humic substances, and other polymeric materials are found in this fraction. The spatial arrangement (microstructure) is controlled by the substantial structure of the colloids, by the chemical composition of the soil solution, and by thesoil biota. This microstructure determines among other things the diffusive mass flow within the soils and as a result the availability of substances for chemical and microbiological reactions. The turnover of nutrients, the adsorption of toxicants and the weathering of soil clay minerals are examples of these surface mediated reactions. Due to their high specific surface area, the soil colloids are the most reactive species in this respect. Under the chemical conditions in soils, these minerals are associated in larger aggregates. The accessibility of reactive sites for these reactions on the surface of the colloids is reduced by this aggregation. To determine the turnover rates of chemicals within these aggregates it is highly desirable to visualize directly these aggregation phenomena.

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