Nitric Acid Uptake and Decomposition on Black Carbon (Soot) Surfaces:  Its Implications for the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere

1998 ◽  
Vol 102 (39) ◽  
pp. 7618-7630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonyong Choi ◽  
Ming-Taun Leu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Carbon Soot

Black carbon (soot) aerosol in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 1659-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Pusechel ◽  
D. F. Blake ◽  
K. G. Snetsinger ◽  
A. D. A. Hansen ◽  
S. Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Soot Aerosol ◽  
Carbon Soot

Uptake Measurements of Acetic Acid on Ice and Nitric Acid-Doped Thin Ice Films over Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere Temperatures

2012 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 2198-2208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manolis N. Romanias ◽  
Antonia G. Zogka ◽  
Vassileios C. Papadimitriou ◽  
Panos Papagiannakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Ice Films

scholarly journals Laboratory evaluation of the effect of nitric acid uptake on frost point hygrometer performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Thornberry ◽  
T. Gierczak ◽  
R. S. Gao ◽  
H. Vömel ◽  
L. A. Watts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Point Temperature ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Frost Point

Abstract. Chilled mirror hygrometers (CMH) are widely used to measure water vapour in the troposphere and lower stratosphere from balloon-borne sondes. Systematic discrepancies among in situ water vapour instruments have been observed at low water vapour mixing ratios (<5 ppm) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS). Understanding the source of the measurement discrepancies is important for a more accurate and reliable determination of water vapour abundance in this region. We have conducted a laboratory study to investigate the potential interference of gas-phase nitric acid (HNO3) with the measurement of frost point temperature, and consequently the water vapour mixing ratio, determined by CMH under conditions representative of operation in the UT/LS. No detectable interference in the measured frost point temperature was found for HNO3 mixing ratios of up to 4 ppb for exposure times up to 150 min. HNO3 was observed to co-condense on the mirror frost, with the adsorbed mass increasing linearly with time at constant exposure levels. Over the duration of a typical balloon sonde ascent (90–120 min), the maximum accumulated HNO3 amounts were comparable to monolayer coverage of the geometric mirror surface area, which corresponds to only a small fraction of the actual frost layer surface area. This small amount of co-condensed HNO3 is consistent with the observed lack of HNO3 interference in the frost point measurement because the CMH utilizes significant reductions (>10%) in surface reflectivity by the condensate to determine H2O.

scholarly journals Laboratory evaluation of the effect of nitric acid uptake on frost point hygrometer performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 3725-3745
Author(s):  
T. Thornberry ◽  
T. Gierczak ◽  
R. S. Gao ◽  
H. Vömel ◽  
L. A. Watts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Point Temperature ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Frost Point

Abstract. Chilled mirror hygrometers (CMH) are widely used to measure water vapour in the troposphere and lower stratosphere from balloon-borne sondes. Systematic discrepancies among in situ water vapour instruments have been observed at low water vapour mixing ratios (<5 ppm) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS). Understanding the source of the measurement discrepancies is important for a more accurate and reliable determination of water vapour abundance in this region. We have conducted a laboratory study to investigate the potential interference of gas-phase nitric acid (HNO3) with the measurement of frost point temperature, and consequently the water vapour mixing ratio, determined by CMH under conditions representative of operation in the UT/LS. No detectable interference in the measured frost point temperature was found for HNO3 mixing ratios of up to 4 ppb for exposure times up to 150 min. HNO3 was observed to co-condense on the mirror frost, with the adsorbed mass increasing linearly with time at constant exposure levels. Over the duration of a typical balloon sonde ascent (90–120 min), the maximum accumulated HNO3 amounts were comparable to monolayer coverage of the geometric mirror surface area, which corresponds to only a small fraction of the actual frost layer surface area. This small amount of co-condensed HNO3 is consistent with the observed lack of HNO3 interference in the frost point measurement because the CMH utilizes significant reductions (>10%) in surface reflectivity by the condensate to determine H2O.

scholarly journals A Case Study of Mass Transport during the East-West Oscillation of the Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiali Luo ◽  
Jiayao Song ◽  
Hongying Tian ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Xinlei Liang
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
Upward Motion ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Asian Summer ◽  
Mode Tm ◽  
East West

We use ERA-Interim reanalysis, MLS observations, and a trajectory model to examine the chemical transport and tracers distribution in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) associated with an east-west oscillation case of the anticyclone in 2016. The results show that the spatial distribution of water vapor (H2O) was more consistent with the location of the anticyclone than carbon monoxide (CO) at 100 hPa, and an independent relative high concentration center was only found in H2O field. At 215 hPa, although the anticyclone center also migrated from the Tibetan Mode (TM) to the Iranian Mode (IM), the relative high concentration centers of both tracers were always colocated with regions where upward motion was strong in the UTLS. When the anticyclone migrated from the TM, air within the anticyclone over Tibetan Plateau may transport both westward and eastward but was always within the UTLS. The relative high concentration of tropospheric tracers within the anticyclone in the IM was from the east and transported by the westward propagation of the anticyclone rather than being lifted from surface directly. Air within the relative high geopotential height centers over Western Pacific was partly from the main anticyclone and partly from lower levels.

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