Solute−Solvent Frictional Coupling in Electrolyte Solutions. Role of Ion Pairs

1997 ◽  
Vol 101 (13) ◽  
pp. 2339-2347 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Balabai ◽  
D. H. Waldeck
Keyword(s):  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions

scholarly journals The Effect of Weak Electrolyte Solutions on the Hatching Rate of the Eggs of Tricho-Strongylus Retortaeformis (Zeder) and its Interpretation in Terms of a Proposed Hatching Mechanism of Strongyloid Eggs

1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-601
Author(s):  
P. A. G. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Water Permeability ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Ionic Solutions ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Egg Membrane ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
Colligative Properties

1. The influence of solutions of NaCl on the hatching of eggs of Trichostrongylus retortaeformis is studied. It is shown that the effects are not the consequence of colligative properties, but are related to ionic phenomena. 0.05 N-NaCl slows down the rate of hatch without impairing the ultimate ‘hatchability’ of the eggs. Processes of development up to hatching are not slowed down. 2. The effect demonstrated in the case of NaCl is shown to be shared by eight other electrolytes, the depression in the rate of hatch being proportional to the mobility of the ions in solution. On the assumption that the effect of the ions is due to a penetration of the egg membrane(s) the rate of entry is shown to be controlled by the speed of the slower ion in any one salt. 3. The influence of NaCl on the permeability of hatching eggs to water is studied. It is shown that the rate of increase in permeability is slowed down sufficiently in NaCl to control the rate of hatch. The inference that water permeability is a necessary prerequisite for hatching is made, a further hypothetical process being invoked to account for the rate of hatch in the absence of NaCl, since it is not then controlled by changes in water permeability. 4. The probability that the net effect of ionic solutions on the eggs is one concerned with the rate of breakdown of the inner wax-like layer of the egg is strengthened by experiments demonstrating that the depressing influence of NaCl is antagonized by ‘Teepol’, though the comparable influence of other, non-emulsifying, compounds cannot be explained. 5. The role of water permeability in the hatching mechanism is investigated. 6. A hatching mechanism of strongyloid eggs is proposed which involves two processes, the first dependent upon the osmotic relationships of the unhatched larva to its environment, the second being some sort of chemical weakening of the outer shell. 7. It is suggested that the effect of ions on hatching rate assists the ‘embryonated egg’ to survive under natural conditions when the hatched first-stage larva might otherwise be destroyed by desiccation.

The effect of the trisulfur radical ion on molybdenum transport by hydrothermal fluids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Kokh ◽  
Clement Laskar ◽  
Gleb S. Pokrovski
Keyword(s):  
Composition Range ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Econ Geol ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Earth Planet ◽  
Porphyry Deposits ◽  
Experimental And Theoretical Studies ◽  
Partitioning Behavior

<p>Knowledge of molybdenum (Mo) speciation under hydrothermal conditions is a key for understanding the formation of porphyry deposits which are the primary source of Mo. Existing experimental and theoretical studies have revealed a complex speciation, solubility and partitioning behavior of Mo in fluid-vapor-melt systems, depending on conditions, with the (hydrogen)molybdate (HMoO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>, MoO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>) ions and their ion pairs with alkalis in S and Cl-poor fluids [1-3], mixed oxy-chloride species in strongly acidic saline fluids [4, 5], and (hydrogen)sulfide complexes (especially, MoS<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>) in reduced H<sub>2</sub>S-bearing fluids and vapors [6-8]. However, these available data yet remain discrepant and are unable to account for the observed massive transport of Mo in porphyry-related fluids revealed by fluid inclusion analyses demonstrating 100s ppm of Mo (e.g., [9]). A potential missing ligand for Mo may be the recently discovered trisulfur radical ion (S<sub>3</sub><sup>•-</sup>), which is predicted to be abundant in sulfate-sulfide rich acidic-to-neutral porphyry-like fluids [10]. We performed exploratory experiments of MoS<sub>2</sub> solubility in model sulfate-sulfide-S<sub>3</sub><sup>•-</sup>-bearing aqueous solutions at 300°C and 450 bar. We demonstrate that Mo can be efficiently transported by S<sub>3</sub><sup>•-</sup>-bearing fluids at concentrations ranging from several 10s ppm to 100s ppm, depending on the fluid pH and redox, whereas the available data on OH-Cl-S complexes cited above predict negligibly small (<100 ppb) Mo concentrations at our conditions. Work is in progress to extend the experiments to wider T-P-composition range of porphyry fluids and to quantitatively assess the role of S<sub>3</sub><sup>•-</sup> in Mo transport by geological fluids.</p><ul><li>1. Kudrin A.V. (1989) <em>Geochem. Int. </em><strong>26</strong>, 87–99.</li> <li>2. Minubayeva Z. and Seward T.M. (2010) <em>Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta</em> <strong>74</strong>, 4365–4374.</li> <li>3. Shang L.B. et al. (2020) <em>Econ. Geol. </em><strong>115</strong>, 661–669.</li> <li>4. Ulrich T. and Mavrogenes J. (2008) <em>Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta </em><strong>72</strong>, 2316-2330.</li> <li>5. Borg S. et al. (2012) <em>Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta</em> <strong>92</strong>, 292–307.</li> <li>6. Zhang L. et al. (2012) <em>Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta</em> <strong>77</strong>, 175–185.</li> <li>7. Kokh M.A. et al. (2016) <em>Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta </em><strong>187</strong>, 311–333.</li> <li>8. Liu W. et al. (2020) <em>Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta</em> <strong>290</strong>, 162–179.</li> <li>9. Kouzmanov K. and Pokrovski G.S. (2012) <em>Soc. Econ. Geol. Spec. Pub.</em> <strong>16</strong>, 573–618.</li> <li>10. Pokrovski G.S. and Dubessy J. (2015) <em>Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. </em><strong>411</strong>, 298–309.</li> </ul>

The role of ion-aggregate formation in the calculation of physical properties of electrolyte solutions

2002 ◽  
Vol 194-197 ◽  
pp. 107-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barthel ◽  
H. Krienke ◽  
R. Neueder ◽  
M.F. Holovko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Aggregate Formation

scholarly journals Contact Ion Pairs on a Protonated Azamacrocycle: the Role of the Anion Basicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Fraschetti ◽  
Antonello Filippi ◽  
Maria Elisa Crestoni ◽  
Enrico Marcantoni ◽  
Marco Glucini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Contact Ion Pairs

The role of ion pairs and ion activity in classification of ground waters for irrigation in Erbil plain

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (special) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Akram. O. Esmail ◽  
◽  
Hemn.O. Salih ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Ground Waters ◽  
Ion Activity
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