Standard State Thermodynamic Properties of Completely Dissociated Hydrochloric Acid and Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide at Extreme Temperatures and Pressures

2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (31) ◽  
pp. 10792-10799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essmaiil Djamali ◽  
James W. Cobble
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Standard State ◽  
Aqueous Sodium

Chemical Reactivity of 2-Thiohydantoin Derivatives

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 948-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. A. Shalaby ◽  
H. A. Daboun ◽  
M. A. Abdel Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Chloroacetic Acid ◽  
Mannich Bases ◽  
Alkyl Halides ◽  
Aqueous Sodium

Treatment of 5-arylazo-2-thiohydantoins (2 a-c) with formaldehyde and the appropriate amine in ethyl alcohol led to the formation of the corresponding Mannich bases 3a-i. 2 a-c reacted with methyl bromoacetate and/or chloroacetic acid to give the esters 5 a-c and/or the free acids 5d-f, respectively. 5e also obtained by treating 5 b with aqueous sodium hydroxide (2%). 5 a-c were cyclised with acetic anhydride to give the bicyclic products 6 a-c. 5-Arylidene-2-thiohydantoins (7 a-e) reacted with acrylonitrile in pyridine to give 5-arylidene-3-β-cyano-ethyl-2-thiohydantoins (8a-e). 8 a-c were hydrolysed with a mixture of acetic-hydrochloric acid to give the corresponding acids 8f-h. Compounds 8a, b, d were alkylated with alkyl halides to give 10 a-e which when hydrolysed with acids gave compounds 13 a-c.

The retroaldol reaction of 3-penten-2-one: equilibrium constant for hydration and rate constants for the hydration and retroaldol reactions in base

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Peter Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Equilibrium Constant ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Pure Liquid ◽  
Standard State ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Mathematical Solution ◽  
Aqueous Sodium

In aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions at 25 °C, 3-penten-2-one undergoes retroaldol cleavage to acetone and acetaldehyde. The kinetics can be followed spectrophotometrically, and show two exponential phases with rather different rate constants. By a new analysis of the mathematical solution to this system we have been able to derive an improved method for calculating the microscopic rate constants. These rate constants are khyd = 2.89 × 10−3 M−1 s−1, kdehyd = 4.04 × 10−4 M−1 s−1, and kretro = 3.36 × 10−4 M−1 s−1. The equilibrium constant for hydration of 3-penten-2-one (standard state for water is the pure liquid) is 7.13.

scholarly journals Triple Helix of Scleroglucan in Dilute Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1135-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Yanaki ◽  
Takemasa Kojima ◽  
Takashi Norisuye
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Aqueous Sodium
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document