Standard State Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Sodium Chloride Using High Dilution Calorimetry at Extreme Temperatures and Pressures

2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (15) ◽  
pp. 5200-5207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essmaiil Djamali ◽  
James W. Cobble
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Standard State ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Aqueous Sodium

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solutions

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Pitzer ◽  
J. Christopher Peiper ◽  
R. H. Busey
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Chloride Solutions ◽  
Aqueous Sodium ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solutions

scholarly journals Formulation of Seawater Flow Exergy Using Accurate Thermodynamic Data

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa H. Sharqawy ◽  
John H. Lienhard ◽  
Syed M. Zubair
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Mixture Model ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Aqueous Sodium ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solutions ◽  
Ideal Mixture ◽  
The Ideal

Seawater is a complex electrolyte solution of water and salts with sodium chloride as the major constituent. However, the thermodynamic properties of seawater are considerably different from those of aqueous sodium chloride solution. In the literature, exergy analyses of seawater desalination systems have sometimes modeled seawater by sodium chloride solutions of equivalent salt content or salinity; however, such matching does not bring all important properties of the two solutions into agreement. Furthermore, some published studies attempt to represent sodium chloride solutions as a specific model for an ideal mixture of liquid water and solid sodium chloride, which is shown to have serious shortcomings. In this paper, the most up-to-date thermodynamic properties of seawater are compared with those of aqueous sodium chloride solution as well as the ideal mixture model. The flow exergy is calculated using various models and the results are compared. In addition, the minimum work required to desalinate a unit mass of fresh water from seawater of varying salinity is calculated using these models. The flow exergy calculated using the ideal mixture model in question is about 50% less than that of seawater. Accordingly, the minimum desalination work is underpredicted by about 50% when calculating it using that ideal mixture model. This consequently shows that exergy analysis and the second law efficiency calculations performed using the ideal mixture model is comparatively far from the actual values.

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