Comparison of Reaction Pathways of Ethylene Glycol, Acetaldehyde, and Acetic Acid on Tungsten Carbide and Ni-Modified Tungsten Carbide Surfaces

2012 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 5720-5729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiting Yu ◽  
Zachary J. Mellinger ◽  
Mark A. Barteau ◽  
Jingguang G. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Reaction Pathways

Measurement of the thermodynamic properties for the reactive system ethylene glycol–acetic acid

2007 ◽  
Vol 258 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastian Schmid ◽  
Michael Döker ◽  
Jürgen Gmehling
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Reactive System

Promotion effects of Pd on tungsten carbide catalysts: physiochemical properties and cellulose conversion performance

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (90) ◽  
pp. 87756-87766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glauco F. Leal ◽  
Silvia F. Moya ◽  
Debora M. Meira ◽  
Dean H. Barrett ◽  
Erico Teixeira-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Aldol Reactions ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Cellulose Conversion ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Conversion Performance

A multi-functional catalyst, which is able to perform both retro-aldol reactions followed by hydrogenation, is required to convert cellulose into value-added chemicals such as ethylene glycol (EG) in a one-pot reaction.

scholarly journals Microwave-assisted lignin liquefaction in hydrazine and ethylene glycol: Reaction pathways via response surface methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. e00245
Author(s):  
Divine B. Nde ◽  
Mohamad Barekati-Goudarzi ◽  
Pranjali D. Muley ◽  
Lavrent Khachatryan ◽  
Dorin Boldor
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
Microwave Assisted

scholarly journals The inhibition performance of mono-ethylene glycol on corrosion rate of x-80 grade carbon steel in saturated brine environment.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Electrochemical Measurements ◽  
Co2 Corrosion ◽  
Formation Water

The formation/deposition of hydrate and scale in gas production and transportation pipeline has continue to be a major challenge in the oil and gas industry. Pipeline transport is one of the most efficient, reliable and safer means of transporting petroleum products from the well sites to either the refineries or to the final destinations. Acetic acid (HAc), is formed in the formation water which also present in oil and gas production and transportation processes. Acetic acid aids corrosion in pipelines and in turn aids the formation and deposition of scales which may eventually choke off flow. Most times, Monethylene Glycol (MEG) is added into the pipeline as an antifreeze and anticorrosion agent. Some laboratory experiments have shown that the MEG needs to be separated from unwanted substance such as HAc that are present in the formation water to avoid critical conditions in the pipeline. Internal pipeline corrosion slows and decreases the production of oil and gas when associated with free water and reacts with CO2 and organic acid by lowering the integrity of the pipe. In this study, the effect of Mono-Ethylene Glycol (MEG) and Acetic acid (HAc) on the corrosion rate of X-80 grade carbon steel in CO2 saturated brine were evaluated at 25oC and 80oC using 3.5% NaCl solution in a semi-circulation flow loop set up. Weight loss and electrochemical measurements using the linear polarization resistance (LPR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscope (EIS) were used in measuring the corrosion rate as a function of HAc and MEG concentrations. The results obtained so far shows an average corrosion rate increases from 0.5 to 1.8 mm/yr at 25oC, and from 1.2 to 3.5 mm/yr at 80oC in the presence of HAc. However, there are decrease in corrosion rate from 1.8 to 0.95 mm/yr and from 3.5 to 1.6mm/yr respectively at 25oC and 80oC on addition of 20% and 80% MEG concentrations to the solution. It is also noted that the charge transfer with the electrochemical measurements (EIS) results is the main corrosion controlling mechanism under the test conditions. The higher temperature led to faster film dissolution and higher corrosion rate in the presence of HAc. The EIS results also indicate that the charge transfer controlled behaviour was as a result of iron carbonate layer accelerated by the addition of different concentrations of MEG to the system. Key words: CO2 corrosion, Carbon steel, MEG, HAc, Inhibition, Environment.

scholarly journals Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis of Materials Based on Tungsten Carbide for One-Pot Hydrolysis-Hydrogenolysis of Cellulose Into Ethylene Glycol and 1,2-Propylene Glycol

2019 ◽  
pp. 269-281
Author(s):  
Nikolay V. Gromov ◽  
Тatiana B. Medvedeva ◽  
Ivan А. Lukoyanov ◽  
Alekasandr А. Zhdanok ◽  
Vladimir А. Poluboyarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Temperature Synthesis ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis

Catalytic systems based on tungsten carbide (WnC) containing mainly W2C were obtained by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis from a mechanochemically activated mixture of tungsten oxide, metallic magnesium, carbon black and CaCO3. The phase composition of the formed materials was shown to depend on the amount of CaCO3. The catalytic properties of the materials were tested in the hydrolysis-hydrogenation of cellulose to ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,2-propylene glycol (PG). It was established that in the presence of WnC the main products of the reaction were EG and PG with a ratio of PG/EG – 1.5-1.8. The deposition of nickel nanoparticles on the WnC surface increased the reaction rate and product yields. The maximum total yield of diols was 47.1 mol. %.

Direct Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose into Ethylene Glycol Using Nickel-Promoted Tungsten Carbide Catalysts

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (44) ◽  
pp. 8510-8513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Ji ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Mingyuan Zheng ◽  
Aiqin Wang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Catalytic Conversion

Relative Volatilities of Ester and Amine Forms of 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Grover
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Amine Salts

The relative volatilities of various technical and formulated ester and amine salts of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] were determined in a closed air-flow system consisting of a volatilization chamber and an ethylene glycol trap. The system was operated at a flow rate of 28.8 L/hr and a temperature of 30 C. Trapped herbicide vapor was analyzed by gas chromatography. The relative volatilities of technical gradeiso-propyl, butyl, propylene glycol butyl ether, andiso-octyl esters, were 56, 25 to 38, 4, and 1, respectively. The relative volatilities of various formulated esters and amines were of the magnitude of 440:33:1 for the high volatile, low volatile, and amine salts, respectively.

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