Physicochemical Studies on Microemulsions. 7. Dynamics of Percolation and Energetics of Clustering in Water/AOT/Isooctane and Water/AOT/Decane w/o Microemulsions in Presence of Hydrotopes (Sodium Salicylate, α-Naphthol, β-Naphthol, Resorcinol, Catechol, Hydroquinone, Pyrogallol and Urea) and Bile Salt (Sodium Cholate)

2001 ◽  
Vol 105 (29) ◽  
pp. 7145-7154 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Hait ◽  
S. P. Moulik ◽  
M. P. Rodgers ◽  
S. E. Burke ◽  
R. Palepu
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Sodium Cholate ◽  
Physicochemical Studies

Comparison of In Vitro Binding of Bile Salt by Pectins from Various Sources

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 274-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Cheewatanakornkool ◽  
A. Chaidedgumjorn ◽  
U. Sotanaphun ◽  
S. Limsirichaikul ◽  
C. Wessapan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Serum Cholesterol Level ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
Sodium Cholate ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Hypocholesterolemic Action ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Binding of bile salts by dietary fiber is believed to promote their excretion and hence to reduce the serum cholesterol level in man and experimental animals. In this study, the binding efficiency of soluble pectin from various sources, i.e., apple, citrus and pomelo, was examined. Sodium deoxycholate and sodium cholate hydrate were used as a model to represent bile salt in human body. The binding efficiency was assayed by acid reaction, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and enzyme cycling method. The results demonstrated that enzyme cycling method was the most suitable for assaying the in-vitro binding of bile salts while the TLC was not very sensitive, i.e., low amount of bile salts cannot be detected by TLC. Excess pectin from binding test could also interfere the acid reaction method even though the centrifugation was used to remove the excess pectin. When the concentration of pectin was increased, the binding efficiency with sodium deoxycholate increased. However, at 1% w/w of pectin, the binding efficiency decreased. The exception is for pomelo pectin in which the binding efficiency increased when the pectin concentration increased. With sodium cholate hydrate, only slight difference in binding efficiency was observed for all types and concentrations of pectin. The results indicate that the ability to bind bile salts of pectin might be responsible for its hypocholesterolemic action observed in experimental animals and humans.

Multiple prototropism of fisetin in sodium cholate and related bile salt media

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susithra Selvam ◽  
Ashok K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Sodium Cholate

Solvation Dynamics in the Water Pool of an Aerosol-OT Microemulsion. Effect of Sodium Salicylate and Sodium Cholate

2003 ◽  
Vol 107 (39) ◽  
pp. 10815-10822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Dutta ◽  
Pratik Sen ◽  
Saptarshi Mukherjee ◽  
Arnab Halder ◽  
Kankan Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Sodium Cholate ◽  
Solvation Dynamics ◽  
Water Pool ◽  
Aerosol Ot

Studies in Bile Salt Solutions .XIII. Hydrophobic Substrate Effects on the Esterase Activity of Bile-Salt-Stimulated Human-Milk Lipase. Hydrolysis of 4-Nitrophenyl Alkanoates and Alkyl 4-Nitrobenzoates

1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Oconnor ◽  
ASH Mitha ◽  
P Walde
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Sodium Cholate ◽  
Lipase Hydrolysis ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Hydrocarbon Chains ◽  
Hydrophobic Nature ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The pseudo-first-order rate constants of hydrolysis of a series of 4-nitrophenyl alkanoates and a series of n-alkyl esters of 4-nitrobenzoic acid and of 4-nitrophenyl hexahydrobenzoate and cyclohexyl 4-nitrobenzoate, catalysed by bile-salt-stimulated human milk lipase in the absence and presence (2 mmol dm-3) of sodium cholate/cholic acid and sodium taurocholate , have been measured at pH 7.3, 310.5 K. It has been shown that the enzyme possesses a specific esterase acyl binding site which almost completely excludes the binding therein of a cyclohexyl group. There is also present a specific alkyl binding site which can fully accommodate a cyclohexyl ring. Both binding sites are hydrophobic in nature, but although the hydrophobic nature of the alkyl binding site is affected by bile-salt stimulation, that of the acyl site is not. Hydrophobicity parameters have been calculated for hydrocarbon chains lying in the acyl and alkyl binding positions of bile-salt-stimulated human milk lipase.

scholarly journals A mechanism for the hypocholesterolaemic activity of saponins

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Sidhu ◽  
D. G. Oakenfull
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Sodium Cholate ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

1. Saponins are steroid or triterpene glycosides which occur in a number of important food plants, including such staples as soya beans (Glycine max) and chickpeas (Cicer arietinurn). They are known to be hypocholesterolaemic.2. Some saponins form an insoluble complex with cholesterol which prevents its absorption from the small intestine. Others cause an increase in the faecal excretion of bile acids, an indirect route for elimination of cholesterol.3. We have investigated the effects of different saponins on absorption of the bile salt sodium cholate from perfused loops of small intestine, in vivo, in the rat. Purified saponins from soapwort (Suponaria Officinalis), soya beans and quillaia (Quillata suponaria) reduced the rate of absorption of the bile salt; soya-bean and soapwort saponins substantially so but quillaia saponin to a much lesser extent.4. These results were explained by the formation of large mixed micelles by bile acid and saponin molecules in aqueous solution. These aggregates can have molecular weights in excess of 106 daltons, consequently the bile acid molecules incorporated in them are not available for absorption.5. Control of plasma cholesterol and nutrient absorption through dietary saponins could provide substantial health and nutritional benefits in humans.

scholarly journals Histochemistry of the Gram-staining reaction for micro-organisms

1946 ◽  
Vol 133 (873) ◽  
pp. 391-406 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Sodium Cholate ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Salt Extract ◽  
Positive Character

Extraction of certain Gram -positive micro-organisms with a 2% solution of a bile salt (preferably sodium cholate) strips the cell of an essential part of its dye-retaining constituent leaving a Gram-negative cytoskeleton. From the bile-salt extract there was separated a fraction which could be plated back on suitably reduced cytoskeletons and thereby restore in a large measure the Gram-positive character of the cell. The essential agent in the extract was magnesium ribonucleate, and it is considered that the Gram-positive or dye-retaining constituent is a nucleoprotein formed by the combination of ribonucleic acid with a basic protein in the cytoskeleton. The stripping and replating processes could be demonstrated by photomicrographs taken in ultra-violet light.

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