In Situ Laser-Furnace TOF Mass Spectrometry of C36and the Large-Scale Production by Arc-Discharge

2000 ◽  
Vol 104 (33) ◽  
pp. 7908-7913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Koshio ◽  
Masayasu Inakuma ◽  
Zhong W. Wang ◽  
Toshiki Sugai ◽  
Hisanori Shinohara
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production

scholarly journals Synthesis of polypeptides via bioinspired polymerization of in situ purified N-carboxyanhydrides

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (22) ◽  
pp. 10658-10663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyuan Song ◽  
Hailin Fu ◽  
Jiang Wang ◽  
Jingshu Hui ◽  
Tianrui Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Competing Species ◽  
Natural Protein ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Synthetic Polypeptides

Ribozymes synthesize proteins in a highly regulated local environment to minimize side reactions caused by various competing species. In contrast, it is challenging to prepare synthetic polypeptides from the polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) in the presence of water and impurities, which induce monomer degradations and chain terminations, respectively. Inspired by natural protein synthesis, we herein report the preparation of well-defined polypeptides in the presence of competing species, by using a water/dichloromethane biphasic system with macroinitiators anchored at the interface. The impurities are extracted into the aqueous phase in situ, and the localized macroinitiators allow for NCA polymerization at a rate which outpaces water-induced side reactions. Our polymerization strategy streamlines the process from amino acids toward high molecular weight polypeptides with low dispersity by circumventing the tedious NCA purification and the demands for air-free conditions, enabling low-cost, large-scale production of polypeptides that has potential to change the paradigm of polypeptide-based biomaterials.

The large-scale production of graphene flakes using magnetically-enhanced arc discharge between carbon electrodes

Carbon ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (15) ◽  
pp. 4570-4574 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Levchenko ◽  
O. Volotskova ◽  
A. Shashurin ◽  
Y. Raitses ◽  
K. Ostrikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Graphene Flakes

AEM characterization of magnetic nanoparticles encased in graphite shells

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
J. J. Host ◽  
M. H. Teng ◽  
J. H. Hwang ◽  
B. R. Elliott ◽  
J. R. Weertman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Pure Metal ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Acid Bath ◽  
Significant Research

Since it was discovered that crystalline materials could be encased in graphite shells, protection in this manner has been the focus of significant research. Previously, production of graphite encapsulated crystalline nanoparticles has been reported using an arc discharge between an anode stuffed with a metal oxide and a graphite cathode, resulting in a mixture of carbides, encapsulated carbides and carbonaceous debris. More recently, an arc discharge between metal electrodes has been used to produce large quantities of pure metal nanoparticles, with the addition of graphite to the anode resulting in the large scale production of graphite encapsulated metal nanoparticles (GEMN). In earlier studies, these materials were separated from the other products of the arc discharge only by a magnetic gradient, which does not remove the non-encapsulated crystalline particles. Therefore, the immersion of the product mixture in an acid bath was added as a subsequent processing step. The combined arc discharge/acid bath technique reduces both production and separation problems, producing a large quantity of Fe, Co, and Ni GEMN free from any non-encapsulated metal particles. Subsequent characterization of the resulting material has led to a better understanding of the GEMN produced.

scholarly journals Obtaining Cocrystals by Reaction Crystallization Method: Pharmaceutical Applications

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 898
Author(s):  
Isabela Fanelli Barreto Biscaia ◽  
Samantha Nascimento Gomes ◽  
Larissa Sakis Bernardi ◽  
Paulo Renato Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Supersaturated Solution ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
In Situ Techniques ◽  
Crystallization Method ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Poorly Soluble

Cocrystals have gained attention in the pharmaceutical industry due to their ability to improve solubility, stability, in vitro dissolution rate, and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Conceptually, cocrystals are multicomponent solids that contain two or more neutral molecules in stoichiometric amounts within the same crystal lattice. There are several techniques for obtaining cocrystals described in the literature; however, the focus of this article is the Reaction Crystallization Method (RCM). This method is based on the generation of a supersaturated solution with respect to the cocrystal, while this same solution is saturated or unsaturated with respect to the components of the cocrystal individually. The advantages of the RCM compared with other cocrystallization techniques include the ability to form cocrystals without crystallization of individual components, applicability to the development of in situ techniques for the screening of high quality cocrystals, possibility of large-scale production, and lower cost in both time and materials. An increasing number of scientific studies have demonstrated the use of RCM to synthesize cocrystals, mainly for drugs belonging to class II of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System. The promising results obtained by RCM have demonstrated the applicability of the method for obtaining pharmaceutical cocrystals that improve the biopharmaceutical characteristics of drugs.

Simultaneous electrochemical-assisted exfoliation and in situ surface functionalization towards large-scale production of few-layer graphene

FlatChem ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 100132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Zabihi ◽  
Mojtaba Ahmadi ◽  
Quanxiang Li ◽  
Seyed Mousa Fakhrhoseini ◽  
Zahra Komeily Nia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Layer Graphene ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Few Layer Graphene

I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Naureen Talha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

An Efficient and Improved Process for the Synthesis of Itopride Hydrochloride and Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnusamy Kannan ◽  
Samuel I.D. Presley ◽  
Pallikondaperumal Shanmugasundaram ◽  
Nagapillai Prakash ◽  
Deivanayagam Easwaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Hydrochloride Salt ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
Itopride Hydrochloride ◽  
Yield And Purity

Aim and Objective: Itopride is a prokinetic agent used for treating conditions like non-ulcer dyspepsia. Itopride is administered as its hydrochloride salt. Trimethobenzamide is used for treating nausea and vomiting and administered as its hydrochloride salt. The aim is to develop a novel and environmental friendly method for large-scale production of itopride and trimethobenzamide. Materials and Methods: Itopride and trimethobenzamide can be prepared from a common intermediate 4- (dimethylaminoethoxy) benzyl amine. The intermediate is prepared from one pot synthesis using Phyrdroxybenzaldehye and zinc dust and further reaction of the intermediate with substituted methoxy benzoic acid along with boric acid and PEG gives itopride and trimethobenzamide. Results: The intermediate 4-(dimethylaminoethoxy) benzylamine is prepared by treating p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride. The aldehyde formed is treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The intermediate is confirmed by NMR and the purity is analysed by HPLC. Conclusion: Both itopride and trimethobenzamide were successfully synthesized by this method. The developed method is environmental friendly, economical for large-scale production with good yield and purity.

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