CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF MUSTARD GAS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS.1III. THE REACTION OF MUSTARD GAS WITH METHIONINE

1946 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM H. STEIN ◽  
STANFORD MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Mustard Gas ◽  
Related Compounds

Biotransformation of Coumarins by Filamentous Fungi: An Alternative Way for Achievement of Bioactive Analogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jainara Santos do Nascimento ◽  
João Carlos Silva Conceição ◽  
Eliane de Oliveira Silva
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Pattern Structures ◽  
Pharmacological Interest ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Compounds

Coumarins are natural 1,2-benzopyrones, present in remarkable amounts as secondary metabolites in edible and medicinal plants. The low yield in the coumarins isolation from natural sources, along with the difficulties faced by the total synthesis, make them attractive for biotechnological studies. The current literature contains several reports on the biotransformation of coumarins by fungi, which can generate chemical analogs with high selectivity, using mild and eco-friendly conditions. Prompted by the enormous pharmacological interest in the coumarin-related compounds, their alimentary and chemical applications, this review covers the biotransformation of coumarins by filamentous fungi. The chemical structures of the analogs were presented and compared with those from the pattern structures. The main chemical reactions catalyzed the insertion of functional groups, and the impact on the biological activities caused by the chemical transformations were discussed. Several chemical reactions can be catalyzed by filamentous fungi in the coumarin scores, mainly lactone ring opening, C3-C4 reduction and hydroxylation. Chunninghamella sp. and Aspergillus sp. are the most common fungi used in these transformations. Concerning the substrates, the biotransformation of pyranocoumarins is a rarer process. Sometimes, the bioactivities were improved by the chemical modifications and coincidences with the mammalian metabolism were pointed out.

scholarly journals Studies on mustard gas (ββ′-dichlorodiethyl sulphide) and some related compounds†

1946 ◽  
Vol 40 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 734-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Banks ◽  
J. C. Boursnell ◽  
G. E. Francis ◽  
F. L. Hopwood ◽  
A. Wormall
Keyword(s):  
Mustard Gas ◽  
Related Compounds

Vulcanization Reactions in Butyl Rubber. Action of Dinitroso, Dioxime, and Related Compounds

1946 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 900-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Rehner ◽  
Paul J. Flory
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Butyl Rubber ◽  
Nitroso Compounds ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Nitroso Group ◽  
Oxidizing Agents ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract Experiments have been carried out to determine the chemical reactions that occur when Butyl rubber is vulcanized by quinone dioxime or related compounds. Observations have been made of the reactions of these substances with simple olefins, and of the effect of oxidizing agents on the dioxime-type of vulcanization of Butyl in solution. The theory is proposed that, in the vulcanization of Butyl by quinone dioxime or its esters, in presence of oxidizing agents, the active agent is p-dinitrosobenzene formed by oxidation of the dioxime. Chemical reactions are suggested for the subsequent cross-linking or vulcanizing steps, and the results of confirmatory experiments are presented. p-Dinitrosobenzene and other polynitroso compounds are active vulcanizing agents for Butyl, natural rubber, Buna-S, Buna-N, and Neoprene, and do not require the addition of an oxidizing agent. It is suggested that vulcanization of natural rubber by polynitro compounds involves their reduction to corresponding nitroso compounds as the first step, and that the nitroso group adds to rubber to produce cross-linkages.

Raman and ESR Spectroscopic Studies of Accelerator Systems. I. Raman Spectra of Thiuram Sulfides and Related Compounds

1973 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 938-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Coleman ◽  
J. R. Shelton ◽  
J. L. Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract The Raman spectra of similar thiuram type materials are intense and very distinctive. Raman spectroscopy should prove to be an excellent analytical tool for studying complex mixture of thiuram type materials resulting from the chemical reactions that occur at vulcanizing temperatures.

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