CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF MUSTARD GAS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS.1II. THE REACTION OF MUSTARD GAS WITH CARBOXYL GROUPS AND WITH THE AMINO GROUPS OF AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES

1946 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
STANFORD MOORE ◽  
WILLIAM H. STEIN ◽  
JOSEPH S. FRUTON
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Mustard Gas ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Related Compounds

scholarly journals The principle of formaldehyde, alcohol, and acetone titrations. With a discussion of the proof and implication of the zwitterion conception

1934 ◽  
Vol 115 (792) ◽  
pp. 121-141 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Recent Discussion ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Empirical Argument ◽  
Chemical Evidence

Consideration of the implications of the zwitterion hypothesis of Bjerrum (1923) makes it desirable to state afresh the principles underlying the methods commonly employed in the titration of amino-acids. Deductions of considerable theoretical importance, cf., e. g ., Calvery (1933) are still being made on the supposition that the alkalimetric formaldehyde titration method of Sørensen (1907) and the corresponding alcohol method of Foreman (1920) and of Willstätter and Waldschmidt-Leitz (1921) estimate the carboxyl groups of amino-acids whilst the acidimetric acetone titration of Linderstrøm-Lang (1928) estimates the amino-groups. Yet the zwitterion hypothesis indicates that this assumption is the reverse of the truth. Discussion is greatly facilitated by collective consideration of recent physico-chemical evidence clarifying the principles upon which these common bio-chemical methods rest. In a recent discussion of two of the titrimetric methods (Van Slyke and Kirk, 1933) the existence of this evidence is ignored, so that it becomes necessary to systematize and elaborate the empirical argument of these authors in the light of the relevant investigations of Grünhut (1919), Cray and Westrip (1925), Michaelis and Mizutani (1925), Birch and Harris (1930, b ), and Levy (1933). At the same time new and useful developments are indicated.

scholarly journals REACTION OF ENZYMES AND PROTEINS WITH MUSTARD GAS (BIS(ß-CHLOROETHYL)SULFIDE)

1946 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger M. Herriott ◽  
M. L. Anson ◽  
John H. Northrop
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Mustard Gas ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Rate Of Reaction ◽  
Extreme Variation ◽  
H Protein ◽  
Phenol Reagent ◽  
Yeast Hexokinase

1. The rate of reaction of mustard gas (H) with thirteen proteins has been determined. The extreme variation in reaction rates is about 100:1. 2. No qualitative difference in the results was observed when the treatment with H was carried out by the Dixon or stirring methods. 3. The kinetics have been analyzed and a bimolecular equation derived which fits the facts. 4. The carboxyl groups of all proteins reacted when the reaction with H was carried out at pH 6.0 in M/25 acetate buffer. In most cases the number of carboxyl groups covered was approximately equal to the number of H residues bound. 5. The amino groups of proteins failed to react with the possible exception of yeast hexokinase. 6. The color obtained when proteins were mixed with Folin's phenol reagent at pH 8.0 decreased as the protein was treated with H. The color returned on treatment of the H-protein with alkali and many of the combined H groups were hydrolyzed. Similar results were observed when a concentrated glycyltyrosine solution was treated with H.

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF POLYPEPTIDE AND AMINO ACIDS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVOUS TISSUE CULTURE IN THE PRESENCE OF CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
V. B. Dolgo-Saburov ◽  
N. I. Chalisova ◽  
L. V. Lyanginen ◽  
E. S. Zalomaeva
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Organotypic Culture ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mustard Gas ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
The Central Nervous System

In an organotypic culture, an investigation was conducted into combined effects of cyclophosphamide DNA as synthesis inhibitor used to model a resorptive action of mustard gas, and cortexin polypeptide or each of 20 encoded amino acids on the development of cell proliferation in cerebral cortex explants of the rat. The combined administration of cyclophosphamide together with cortexin or with each of the 20 encoded amino acids, except glycine, showed suppression of the cytostatic agent inhibitory effect. Thus, cortexin and amino acids have a protective effect on cell proliferation in the tissue culture of the central nervous system under the action of mustardlike substances.

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