Protonation of stable .pi. carbocations. Requirements for the reaction of two positively charged species with each other in solution

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (22) ◽  
pp. 4181-4188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Smith ◽  
Theresa Moore Miller ◽  
Richard M. Pagni
Keyword(s):  
Charged Species ◽  
Positively Charged

The Diffusion of Phosphorus in Silicon from High Surface Concentrations

1984 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Schaake
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Point Defect ◽  
Enhancement Factor ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Intrinsic Diffusion ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Surface Enhancement ◽  
Charged Species ◽  
Phosphorus In Silicon ◽  
Positively Charged

ABSTRACTAn interstitial model is developed to quantitatively account for the anomalous effects which accompany the diffusion of phosphorus in silicon from high surface concentrations. Phosphorus is assumed to diffuse as both a positively charged (intrinsic diffusion) and an uncharged interstitial (high concentration case). Silicon is assumed to diffuse as both an uncharged (instrinsic) and a negatively charged interstitial (high phosphorus concentrations). The effect of internal fields on charged species is included. An excellent fit is found with published experimental data if a surface enhancement factor, analogous to that for the case of oxidation enhancement, is used. Flat-top diffusion is modelled by assuming the formation of a dislocation array, which alters the point defect equilibria.

scholarly journals Influence of particle properties on iron flocculation

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1617-1624
Author(s):  
D. J. de Ridder ◽  
D. van Halem
Keyword(s):  
Positive Charge ◽  
Water Phase ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Iron Species ◽  
Particle Properties ◽  
Charged Species ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Positively Charged ◽  
Charge Interactions

Abstract In this study, the importance of charge interactions during flocculation of Fe3+ in the presence of particles and anions/cations at various pH values was investigated. SiO2, (s) and ZnO(s) were dosed as particles to promote charge interactions and/or serve as a nucleus to accelerate floc formation. In the pH range 6–9, SiO2, (s) is negatively charged, while ZnO(s) carries a positive charge. Ca2+ and HPO42− were selected to investigate charge interactions in the water phase. A significant delay in floc growth due to charge repulsion between negatively charged iron species was observed at pHini 9. For positively charged species at pHini 6, a delay in floc growth was observed as well, but to a lesser degree. These effects could be neutralized by either dosing (positively charged) ZnO(s) or Ca2+ at pHini 9, or (negatively charged) SiO2, (s) at pHini 6. The addition of phosphate did not hinder floc growth at pHini 6. While phosphate completely inhibited floc growth at pHini 7–9 in the presence of negatively charged SiO2, (s), the presence of positively charged ZnO(s) partly neutralized the detrimental influence of phosphate on floc growth. Similarly, dosing Ca2+ partly neutralized the effect of phosphate.

Positively charged species in premixed flames fuelled by H2/CO mixture: Experimental and numerical study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Knyazkov ◽  
I. E. Gerasimov ◽  
A. G. Shmakov ◽  
T. A. Bolshova ◽  
A. A. Paletsky
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Premixed Flames ◽  
Charged Species ◽  
Positively Charged

Application of Raman spectroscopy and quantum chemistry for featuring the structure of positively charged species in macrocyclicπ-conjugated diacetylene-bridged oligothiophenes

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 592-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Casado ◽  
V. Hernández ◽  
R. Ponce Ortiz ◽  
M. C. Ruiz Delgado ◽  
J. T. López Navarrete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Quantum Chemistry ◽  
Charged Species ◽  
Positively Charged
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document