Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Ligand Dissociation from Thyroid Hormone Receptors:  Evidence of the Likeliest Escape Pathway and Its Implications for the Design of Novel Ligands

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Martínez ◽  
Paul Webb ◽  
Igor Polikarpov ◽  
Munir S. Skaf
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Ligand Dissociation ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

scholarly journals Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal Multiple Pathways of Ligand Dissociation from Thyroid Hormone Receptors

2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 2011-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Martínez ◽  
Milton T. Sonoda ◽  
Paul Webb ◽  
John D. Baxter ◽  
Munir S. Skaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Ligand Dissociation ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

scholarly journals Identification of a New Hormone-Binding Site on the Surface of Thyroid Hormone Receptor

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C.T. Souza ◽  
A.C. Puhl ◽  
L. Martínez ◽  
R. Aparício ◽  
A.S. Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Surface Binding ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Protein Dissociation ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Abstract Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors involved in cell differentiation, growth, and homeostasis. Although X-ray structures of many nuclear receptor ligand-binding domains (LBDs) reveal that the ligand binds within the hydrophobic core of the ligand-binding pocket, a few studies suggest the possibility of ligands binding to other sites. Here, we report a new x-ray crystallographic structure of TR-LBD that shows a second binding site for T3 and T4 located between H9, H10, and H11 of the TRα LBD surface. Statistical multiple sequence analysis, site-directed mutagenesis, and cell transactivation assays indicate that residues of the second binding site could be important for the TR function. We also conducted molecular dynamics simulations to investigate ligand mobility and ligand-protein interaction for T3 and T4 bound to this new TR surface-binding site. Extensive molecular dynamics simulations designed to compute ligand-protein dissociation constant indicate that the binding affinities to this surface site are of the order of the plasma and intracellular concentrations of the thyroid hormones, suggesting that ligands may bind to this new binding site under physiological conditions. Therefore, the second binding site could be useful as a new target site for drug design and could modulate selectively TR functions.

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