(Acylaryloxy)acetic acid diuretics. 1. (2-Alkyl- and 2,2-dialkyl-1-oxo-5-indanyloxy)acetic acids

1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1400-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto W. Woltersdorf ◽  
S. Jane DeSolms ◽  
Everett M. Schultz ◽  
Edward J. Cragoe
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acetic Acids

scholarly journals Computational notes on the electronic properties of carboxylic acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1079-1082
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Normal Mode ◽  
Normal Modes ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Vibrational Characteristics ◽  
Vibrational Features ◽  
Acetic Acids

The present work describing the electronic properties and vibrational characteristics of carboxylic acids. Acetic acid is chosen as model molecules then optimized at B3LYP/6-31g(d,p) level of theory. The vibrational frequencies were calculated at the same level of theory. Band assignments which were calculated as 18 normal modes were assigned as one compare the normal mode coordinates with original one. Band assignments were described indicating the directions of normal modes in terms the vibrating atoms of the acetic acids. It could be concluded that DFT could be a useful tool for elucidation both the structural and vibrational features of carboxylic acids and then further utilized for assignment of the structures contains carboxyl groups which are known as most reactive structures in chemistry, biology and environment.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF ESTERS OF HALOGENOACETIC ACIDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Primary Amines ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Catalyst ◽  
Nucleophilic Exchange ◽  
Pmr Spectra ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Esterification Reactions ◽  
Acetic Acids

Amidoalkylating reagents containing a phthalimide group are used in the synthesis of hard-to-reach primary amines and complex heterocyclic compounds. These types of amidoalkylating compounds are suitable reagents for nucleophilic substituted reactions in acidic media due to their resistance to acids. Result of reactions of amidoalkylating reagents-N-hydroxyethylphthalimide and N-hydroxymethylphthalimide with aliphatic carbonic acids can also produce new bactericidal and fungicidal esters. In this study, halogen acids reacted with N-hydroxymethylphthalimide monochloric acetic acid, monobromic acetic acid, monoiodic acetic acid, trifluoric acetic acid and trichloroacetic acid, as well as, N-b-hydroxyethylphthaleidyl monohydric acid. As a result of the reactions, new phthalimidomethyl and phthalimidoethyl esters of haloacetic acids were synthesized. The physical properties of crystalline esters have been determined. The structure of these compounds were confirmed by the analysis of their IR and PMR spectra. The esterification reactions of halogenated acetic acids were carried out in a benzene solvent and a sulfuric acid catalyst with primary alcohols, N-hydroxymethylphthalimide and N-β- beta hydroxyethylphthalimide,. It was found that in a benzene solvent, which increases the rate of bimolecular nucleophilic exchange in primary alcohols, phthalimidoethyl esters of halogen acid are formed in high yields, and phthalimidomethyl esters are formed in low yields. It was shown that the reaction of esterification of halogen acids with N-hydroxymethylphthalimide proceeds with monomolecular nucleophilic exchange.

scholarly journals Forms of potassium and sodium in some species of grasses and herbage

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Nowak ◽  
Henryk Panak
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Pot Culture ◽  
Acetic Acids

The forms of occurence of potassium and sodium were studied in the grasses <i>Dactylis glomerata</i> L., <i>Poa annua</i> L., <i>Festuca rubra</i> L. and dendelion (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i> Web.) treated with increasing mineral fertilizer doses, magnesium and microelements, under conditions of pot culture. The plants took up potassium in amounts greatly exceeding their requirement, and sodium in very small amounts. Mineral NPK doses increased in the tested plants both the content of potassium and sodium forms soluble in trichloroacetic and acetic acids and water. Magnesium and microelements had no major influence on the content of these potassium forms, but they increased the concentration of analogous forms of sodium in <i>Taraxacum officinale</i> and did not influence their accumulation in the grasses. Potassium and sodium compounds were completely extracted from the plants with trichloroacetic, whereas acetic acid extracted 88-95 percent of potassium and 66-74 percent of sodium. Distilled water extracted 70-77 and 28-33 percent of potassium and sodium, respectively.

EFFECTS OF HERBICIDE RATES AND TIME OF APPLICATION ON THE CONTROL OF TANSY RAGWORT IN PASTURES

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. BLACK
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Senecio Jacobaea ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Acetic Acids ◽  
Tansy Ragwort

The ester of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] at 1.1 kg active ingredient (a.i.)/ha failed to control tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.) in the late-rosette, bud, and flowering stages of development. Sprays of 2,4-D ester at 2.2 kg/ha were more effective than when applied at 1.1 kg/ha, but repeated treatments were necessary for optimum tansy ragwort control. Comparative dosage levels of the esters of 2,4-D and of 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid] showed 2,4-D giving better control of tansy ragwort when applied at equivalent rates. Control of relatively immature tansy ragwort plants with 2,4-D was not significantly different at the 1.1, 2.2, and 4.5 kg/ha levels, but injury to grasses and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) increased at the higher rates. The ester of 2,4-DB at 2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha effectively controlled seedling and early-rosette tansy ragwort plants only. The quantity of water applied as a spray was critical since the frond-type leaves which fold over one another prevented thorough wetting of the entire foliage with spray volumes under 275 liters/ha. Data obtained over a 4-yr period showed that CMPP (±) 2-[(4-chloro-1-tolyl) oxy) propionic acid], CP 1815 (chlorinated benzoic and cresoxy-acetic acids), 2,3,6-TBA (dimethylamine salt of 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid), 2,4-D acid [weedone 638, emulsifiable concentrate-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid], and fenoprop [2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid] were as effective as the ester of 2,4-D for tansy ragwort control but caused more injury to components of the sward.

Degradation of Lactic Acid and Pyruvic Acid in Belousov-Zhabotinskii Reactions

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Blume ◽  
Dagmar Wiechoczek ◽  
Heinrich Meier ◽  
Frank Wedekind
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
First Order ◽  
Temporal Degradation ◽  
Acetic Acids

The temporal degradation of the Belousov-Zhabotinskii substrates lactic acid, pyruvic acid, bromo- and dibromo pyruvic acid is investigated. The only final product of non-brominated substrates is acetic acid. From brominated educts only brominated acetic acids result. The concentrations of the stable products are determined as a function of time. The gross reactions are mainly based on simple consecutive first order reactions. For the pyruvic acid rate constants are determined.

Competitive inclusion of chloro-substituted acetic acids into β-cyclodextrin monitored by rotational correlation frequencies of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy radical

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (15) ◽  
pp. 1959-1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Motozato ◽  
Tsukasa Nishihara ◽  
Chuichi Hirayama ◽  
Yoshiaki Furuya ◽  
Yoshio Kosugi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Esr Spectroscopy ◽  
Esr Spectra ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Acetic Acids ◽  
Rotational Correlation

Competitive inclusion in β-cyclodextrin between 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy and chloro-substituted acetic acids has been monitored by esr spectroscopy. The temperature dependence of the rotational correlation frequencies calculated by Kivelson's equation, using esr spectra of the radical, suggests that a structural change of β-cyclodextrin occurs at about 30 °C and that trichloroacetic acid is included extensively at 20–35 °C, but significant inclusion of acetic acid is not observed. The degree of competitive inclusion is in the order of trichloro, dichloro, and monochloroacetic acids over the range of 20–80 °C. Carbon-13 nmr studies also prove the inclusion of trichloroacetic acid showing an inclusion shift of the trichloromethyl carbon by 1.4 ppm.

Hydrothermal Oxidation of Industrial Alkali Lignin for Producing Small Molecular Organic Acids

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 1399-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Yi Zhang ◽  
Ju Wei Zhang ◽  
Jian Yu ◽  
Yin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Alkali Lignin ◽  
Hydrothermal Oxidation ◽  
Acetic Acids

To control the serious pollution caused by alkaline pulping in paper industry and utilize alkali lignin – the main organic ingredient residing in black liquor, an experimental research on hydrothermal oxidation of industrial alkali lignin for producing small molecule organic acids (mostly formic and acetic acids) was conducted using batch reactors. The results showed that the yields of acetic acid almost entirely increased and then decreased with oxygen supplies, reaction times and reaction temperatures, while the yields of formic acid fell in a narrow range of ~ 4% irrespective of all the hydrothermal conditions. A highest total yield of formic and acetic acids of 23.0% was achieved at the conditions of 300 °C, a 100% oxygen supply and a 60 s reaction time, and at the same time a highest yield of acetic acid of 20.3% was obtained. Based on the products recognized, the main pathways for producing small molecular organic acids, particularly formic and acetic acids were discussed.

Acetic acid bacteria can initiate aerobic deterioration of whole crop maize silage

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Spoelstra ◽  
M. G. Courtin ◽  
J. A. C. Van Beers
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Acetic Acids

SummaryAcetic acid bacteria were isolated from maize silages and from samples of maize silage exposed to air. The isolates apparently belonged to the genus Acetobacter. By inoculating maize silage with strains of acetic acid bacteria isolated from silage and by monitoring the development of the microbiota of samples exposed to air it was demonstrated that acetic acid bacteria can be responsible for the onset of aerobic deterioration of maize silage. However, acetic acid bacteria and yeasts often developed simultaneously in uninoculated silage samples exposed to air. In all experiments ethanol was oxidized to acetic acid followed by a rapid oxidation of lactic and acetic acids when ethanol was depleted.

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