scholarly journals Metabolic Changes in Different Developmental Stages of Vanilla planifolia Pods

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (17) ◽  
pp. 7651-7658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Lionel Palama ◽  
Alfi Khatib ◽  
Young Hae Choi ◽  
Bertrand Payet ◽  
Isabelle Fock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia

scholarly journals The Evolution of Leaf Function during Development Is Reflected in Profound Changes in the Metabolic Composition of the Vacuole

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 848
Author(s):  
Alice Destailleur ◽  
Théo Poucet ◽  
Cécile Cabasson ◽  
Ana Paula Alonso ◽  
Jean-Christophe Cocuron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Cell Fractionation ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Inorganic Molecules

During its development, the leaf undergoes profound metabolic changes to ensure, among other things, its growth. The subcellular metabolome of tomato leaves was studied at four stages of leaf development, with a particular emphasis on the composition of the vacuole, a major actor of cell growth. For this, leaves were collected at different positions of the plant, corresponding to different developmental stages. Coupling cytology approaches to non-aqueous cell fractionation allowed to estimate the subcellular concentrations of major compounds in the leaves. The results showed major changes in the composition of the vacuole across leaf development. Thus, sucrose underwent a strong allocation, being mostly located in the vacuole at the beginning of development and in the cytosol at maturity. Furthermore, these analyses revealed that the vacuole, rather rich in secondary metabolites and sugars in the growth phases, accumulated organic acids thereafter. This result suggests that the maintenance of the osmolarity of the vacuole of mature leaves would largely involve inorganic molecules.

scholarly journals Metabolite Profiles of Nodulated Alfalfa Plants Indicate That Distinct Stages of Nodule Organogenesis Are Accompanied by Global Physiological Adaptations

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 998-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiko Barsch ◽  
Verena Tellström ◽  
Thomas Patschkowski ◽  
Helge Küster ◽  
Karsten Niehaus
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Symbiotic Interaction ◽  
Metabolite Profiles

An effective symbiosis between Sinorhizobium meliloti and its host plant Medicago sativa is dependent on a balanced physiological interaction enabling the microsymbiont to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Maintenance of the symbiotic interaction is regulated by still poorly understood control mechanisms. A first step toward a better understanding of nodule metabolism was the determination of characteristic metabolites for alfalfa root nodules. Furthermore, nodules arrested at different developmental stages were analyzed in order to address metabolic changes induced during the progression of nodule formation. Metabolite profiles of bacteroid-free pseudonodule extracts indicated that early nodule developmental processes are accompanied by photosynthate translocation but no massive organic acid formation. To determine metabolic adaptations induced by the presence of nonfixing bacteroids, nodules induced by mutant S. meliloti strains lacking the nitrogenase protein were analyzed. The bacteroids are unable to provide ammonium to the host plant, which is metabolically reflected by reduced levels of characteristic amino acids involved in ammonium fixation. Elevated levels of starch and sugars in Fix¯ nodules provide strong evidence that plant sanctions preventing a transformation from a symbiotic to a potentially parasitic interaction are not strictly realized via photo-synthate supply. Instead, metabolic and gene expression data indicate that alfalfa plants react to nitrogen-fixation-deficient bacteroids with a decreased organic acid synthesis and an early induction of senescence. Noneffective symbiotic interactions resulting from plants nodulated by mutant rhizobia also are reflected in characteristic metabolic changes in leaves. These are typical for nitrogen deficiency, but also highlight metabolites potentially involved in sensing the N status.

scholarly journals In silico identification, characterization and expression profile of WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene family in Vanilla planifolia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-213
Author(s):  
Thiveyarajan Victorathisayam ◽  
Madhvi Kanchan ◽  
` Himani ◽  
Thandullu R. Suriyanarayanan ◽  
Jaspreet K. Sembi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Alpha Helix ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Vanilla planifolia is an economically important orchid, which is being commercially exploited by the food industry for the highly valued secondary metabolite vanillin. WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene family encodes for WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factors that participate in embryogenesis, organogenesis and florigenesis and in diverse plant developmental processes as well. In the present study, we analysed V. planifolia transcriptome and identified 6 WOX (VpWOX) transcripts, that encode putative WOX (VpWOX) transcription factor proteins. Domain analysis was done which indicates the presence of helix-loop-helix-turn-helix which is identifying feature of WOX gene family proteins. We executed phylogenetic clustering for the VpWOX proteins with their counterpart from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (AtWOX) and other closely related orchid species, Phalaenopsis equestris (PeWOX), Dendrobium catenatum (DcWOX) and Apostasia shenzhenica (AsWOX) and established their clade specific grouping. Spatio-temporal expression profile for VpWOX genes was analysed for different plant developmental stages which shows that VpWOX13 is expressing uniformly in all the developmental stages whereas, other genes have tissue specific expression. Based on gene expression patterns, we selected four VpWOX proteins and carried out secondary and tertiary structural analysis which indicates the presence of alpha helix and beta turn in the protein structure. The present study provides basic understanding of the functioning of WOX gene family in V. planifolia and paves the path for functional characterization of selected VpWOX genes in planta and in heterologous system in future for commercial utilization.

scholarly journals 'Elaioplasts' identified as lipotubuloids in Althaea rosea, Funkia sieboldiana and Vanilla planifolia contain lipid bodies connected with microtubules

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kwiatkowska ◽  
Dariusz Stępiński ◽  
Katarzyna Popłońska ◽  
Agnieszka Wojtczak ◽  
Justyna Teresa Polit
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Lipid Bodies ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Cytoplasmic Domains ◽  
Immunogold Technique

"Elaioplasts" observed in <em>Vanilla planifolia</em>, <em>Funkia Sieboldiana</em> and <em>Althaea rosea </em>exhibit all the features characteristic of lipotubuloids earlier described in <em>Ornithogalum umbellatum</em>. They are cytoplasmic domains containing aggregates of lipid bodies connected with microtubules. The immunogold technique confirmed the presence of tubulin in this domain. These structures do not have their own membranes but they are surrounded by a tonoplast at the side of a vacuole since they invaginate into it. In cytoplasm of this domain among lipid bodies there are numerous ribosomes, ER cisternae and vesicles as well as few mitochondria, Golgi structures and microbodies while at older developmental stages there are also autolytic vacuoles. The fact that they are so similar to <em>O. umbellatum</em> lipotubuloids suggest that "elaioplasts" of <em>V. planifolia</em>, <em>F. Sieboldiana </em>and <em>A. rosea </em>can also be named lipotubuloids.

scholarly journals Integration of crop growth model and constraint-based metabolic model predicts metabolic changes over rice plant development under water-limited stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Shaw ◽  
C Y Maurice Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Metabolic Model ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Crop Growth Model ◽  
Genome Scale

Abstract Rice is a major staple food worldwide and understanding its metabolism is essential for improving crop yield and quality, especially in a changing climate. Constraint-based modelling is an established method for studying metabolism at a systems-level, but one of its limitations is the difficulty in directly integrating certain environmental factors, such as water potential, to the model for predicting metabolic changes in response to environmental changes. Here, we developed a framework to integrate a crop growth model and an upgraded diel multi-organ genome-scale metabolic model of rice to predict the metabolism of rice growth under normal and water-limited conditions. Our model was able to predict distinct metabolic adaptations under water-limited stress compared to normal condition across multiple developmental stages. Our modelling results of dynamic changes in metabolism over the whole plant growth period highlighted key features of rice metabolism under water-limited stress including early leaf senescence, reduction in photosynthesis and significant nitrogen assimilation during grain filling.

Correlated Studies of Cellular Interactions Using TEM, Freeze Etching, and SEM

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
J. P. Revel
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Early Developmental

Movement of individual cells or of cell sheets and complex patterns of folding play a prominent role in the early developmental stages of the embryo. Our understanding of these processes is based on three- dimensional reconstructions laboriously prepared from serial sections, and from autoradiographic and other studies. Many concepts have also evolved from extrapolation of investigations of cell movement carried out in vitro. The scanning electron microscope now allows us to examine some of these events in situ. It is possible to prepare dissections of embryos and even of tissues of adult animals which reveal existing relationships between various structures more readily than used to be possible vithout an SEM.

Electron investigations of rhabdovirus-like particles in mexican bean beetles and crickets

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
J. R. Adams ◽  
G. J Tompkins ◽  
A. M. Heimpel ◽  
E. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Epilachna Varivestis ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Bean Beetle

As part of a continual search for potential pathogens of insects for use in biological control or on an integrated pest management program, two bacilliform virus-like particles (VLP) of similar morphology have been found in the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant and the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L. ).Tissues of diseased larvae and adults of E. varivestis and all developmental stages of A. domesticus were fixed according to procedures previously described. While the bean beetles displayed no external symptoms, the diseased crickets displayed a twitching and shaking of the metathoracic legs and a lowered rate of activity.Examinations of larvae and adult Mexican bean beetles collected in the field in 1976 and 1977 in Maryland and field collected specimens brought into the lab in the fall and reared through several generations revealed that specimens from each collection contained vesicles in the cytoplasm of the midgut filled with hundreds of these VLP's which were enveloped and measured approximately 16-25 nm x 55-110 nm, the shorter VLP's generally having the greater width (Fig. 1).

The Fine Structure of the Sheath of Volvox Carteri f. Weismannia

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 346-347
Author(s):  
Regina Birchem
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Volvox Carteri ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Sheath Formation ◽  
And Inversion ◽  
Sheath Material

Spheroids of the green colonial alga Volvox consist of biflagellate Chlamydomonad-like cells embedded in a transparent sheath. The sheath, important as a substance through which metabolic materials, light, and the sexual inducer must pass to and from the cells, has been shown to have an ordered structure (1,2). It is composed of both protein and carbohydrate (3); studies of V. rousseletii indicate an outside layer of sulfated polysaccharides (4).Ultrastructural studies of the sheath material in developmental stages of V. carteri f. weismannia were undertaken employing variations in the standard fixation procedure, ruthenium red, diaminobenzidine, and high voltage electron microscopy. Sheath formation begins after the completion of cell division and inversion of the daughter spheroids. Golgi, rough ER, and plasma membrane are actively involved in phases of sheath synthesis (Fig. 1). Six layers of ultrastructurally differentiated sheath material have been identified.

Localization of acid phosphatases in root cap of rice plant

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
Y. R. Chen ◽  
Y. F. Huang ◽  
W. S. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Acid Phosphatases ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Ethanol Series

Acid phosphatases are widely distributed in different tisssues of various plants. Studies on subcellular localization of acid phosphatases show they might be present in cell wall, plasma lemma, mitochondria, plastid, vacuole and nucleus. However, their localization in rice cell varies with developmental stages of cells and plant tissues. In present study, acid phosphatases occurring in root cap are examined.Sliced root tips of ten-day-old rice(Oryza sativa) seedlings were fixed in 0.1M cacodylate buffer containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 2h, washed overnight in same buffer solution, incubated in Gomori's solution at 37° C for 90min, post-fixed in OsO4, dehydrated in ethanol series and finally embeded in Spurr's resin. Sections were doubly stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and observed under Hitachi H-600 at 75 KV.

A Cytochemical Study of Glucose-6-Phosphatase (G-6-PASE) in Cells Participating in Atherogenesis of Rabbit Aorta

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 460-461
Author(s):  
Sidney D. Kobernick ◽  
Edna A. Elfont ◽  
Neddra L. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Rabbit Aorta ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Cellular Alteration ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

This cytochemical study was designed to investigate early metabolic changes in the aortic wall that might lead to or accompany development of atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits. The hypothesis that the primary cellular alteration leading to plaque formation might be due to changes in either carbohydrate or lipid metabolism led to histochemical studies that showed elevation of G-6-Pase in atherosclerotic plaques of rabbit aorta. This observation initiated the present investigation to determine how early in plaque formation and in which cells this change could be observed.Male New Zealand white rabbits of approximately 2000 kg consumed normal diets or diets containing 0.25 or 1.0 gm of cholesterol per day for 10, 50 and 90 days. Aortas were injected jin situ with glutaraldehyde fixative and dissected out. The plaques were identified, isolated, minced and fixed for not more than 10 minutes. Incubation and postfixation proceeded as described by Leskes and co-workers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document