Effects of graded levels of toxaphene on poultry residue accumulation, egg production, shell quality, and hatchability in white leghorns

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 928-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parshall B. Bush ◽  
John T. Kiker ◽  
Robert K. Page ◽  
Nicholas H. Booth ◽  
O. J. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
White Leghorns

scholarly journals Dual-Purpose Poultry in Organic Egg Production and Effects on Egg Quality Parameters

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Marianne Hammershøj ◽  
Gitte Hald Kristiansen ◽  
Sanna Steenfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Genotype A

Egg laying genotypes have been selected for generations due to their high yield and egg quality, resulting in efficient feed utilization and low body weight; hence, they are not suitable for meat production. This imposes an issue for the male layer chicks, which are killed at one day old. Because of ethical and food waste concerns, the search for suitable dual-purpose genotypes in order to avoid euthanasia of male day-old chicks has intensified. The aim of the present study is to evaluate potential dual-purpose genotypes for their egg quality compared to a representative egg laying genotype. Three dual-purpose genotypes with divergent characteristics were evaluated: genotype A represented an experimental crossbreed based on a broiler type male and an egg layer female, genotype B was a pure breed, and genotype C was a crossbreed of a layer type. These were compared to a control genotype D, which was an egg layer. Eggs were collected six times during the period of 21–54 weeks of hen age, i.e., a total of 1080 shell eggs were analyzed. Examined parameters were weights of egg, shell, yolk, and albumen, by calculating their relative proportions. Shell quality was assessed by shell strength, shell stiffness, and shell thickness. Yolk quality was determined as yolk color and inclusions of blood and meat spots, and albumen quality was evaluated in terms of pH and dry matter (DM) content. The egg layer genotype produced the smallest eggs with least blood and meat spot inclusions compared to that produced by the three dual-purpose genotypes. Shell quality was superior for the layer genotype. However, the experimental genotype A laid eggs of comparable shell quality, albumen DM, and yolk weight, but also with the darkest and most red-yellow colored yolk. The two other dual-purpose genotypes produced eggs of low-medium quality. In conclusion, the genotype A could serve as dual-purpose genotype from an egg quality perspective.

Assessing the response of hen weight, body composition, feather score, egg quality, and level of excreta nitrogen content to digestible balanced protein intake of laying hens

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kumar ◽  
C. Raginski ◽  
K. Schwean-Lardner ◽  
H.L. Classen
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
N Content ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Level Of Significance

Ideally balanced dietary protein is critical for laying hen egg production and feed efficiency, but also affects other important characteristics. This research was designed to study the nonegg production and feed intake response of Lohmann-LSL Lite hens to 550, 625, 700, 775, and 850 mg d−1 of amino acid balanced digestible lysine (Dlys) from 27 to 66 wk of age. Data collection included hen weight (HW), feather scoring, tissue weights, egg specific gravity, egg component weights, and excreta nitrogen (N) content. The experiment was a completely randomized design and level of significance was fixed at P ≤ 0.05. Hen weight (quadratic, Q), pectoralis muscle (absolute, % – Q), and abdominal fat (absolute – linear, L; % – Q) increased with increasing Dlys intake. Although gastrointestinal segment weights and lengths were affected by Dlys intake, interpretation of results was confounded by other aspects of diet composition. Hen feather score (L) and excreta N content (Q) increased, and egg shell quality (L) decreased with increasing Dlys intake. Absolute egg component weights increased with Dlys intake, but effects on proportional weights were Q and relatively minor. In conclusion, balanced Dlys intake affected a variety of practical nonproduction characteristics in laying hens.

ON THE PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENTS OF CHICKENS FOR EGG PRODUCTION AND HATCHABILITY

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Pepper ◽  
S. J. Slinger ◽  
J. D. Summers ◽  
G. C. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Clear Cut

An experiment was made in an attempt to determine the availability of the phosphorus in soft phosphate as compared with that in dicalcium phosphate for laying hens fed a diet of natural ingredients. A high efficiency "all-vegetable" diet containing 0.38 per cent total phosphorus and an estimated 0.11 per cent nonphytin phosphorus was fed without added phosphorus and with sufficient dicalcium phosphate or soft phosphate to supply 0.05 and 0.1 per cent phosphorus. The calcium content of all diets was kept constant at 2.4 per cent.The results indicated that the inclusion of supplementary phosphorus did not improve egg production or feed required per dozen eggs. Differences were not demonstrated in body weight maintenance, egg weight, specific gravity of the eggs, hatchability, or bone ash at the end of a 44-week period of production.The results suggest the possibility that egg weight loss after 14 days’ incubation may have been influenced by supplementary phosphorus. Evidence for this effect was not clear-cut and more work appears desirable in this connection.It is concluded that it is not possible to assay feed phosphates for laying hens with diets of natural ingredients. It would also appear that a level of 0.38 per cent total phosphorus and 0.11 per cent nonphytin phosphorus is adequate for laying hens.Supplementation of an "all-vegetable" laying diet with Vigofac did not improve egg production, feed efficiency, egg weight, egg-shell quality or hatchability.

scholarly journals Effects of PCBs, DDT, and Mercury Compounds upon Egg Production, Hatchability and Shell Quality in Chickens and Japanese Quail

1975 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Scott ◽  
J.R. Zimmermann ◽  
Susan Marinsky ◽  
P.A. Mullenhoff ◽  
G.L. Rumsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Mercury Compounds

Effect of perches and solid sides on production, plumage and foot condition of laying hens housed in conventional cages in a naturally ventilated shed

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Glatz ◽  
JL Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Hot Weather

The effect of modified cages on production, shell quality, feather cover and foot condition was measured in 2 Australian commercial laying strains housed in a naturally ventilated laying shed from 18 to82 weeks of age. Two cage modifications were investigated. Firstly , the inclusion of a perch within the cage, and secondly, the installation of solid sides. Compared with normal cages, installation of a perch in a cage reduced food intake (5.3%) and liveweight (4.5% at 82 weeks) and improved feather cover around the vent (feather score of 2.15 to 2.66). This was offset by a decrease in egg production (2.4%), shell weight (1.5%) and thickness (11%), an increase in cracked (53.8%) and dirty eggs (28.9%), and an increase in claw length (9.2%). Relative to control cages, the provision of solid sides in cages improved overall feather cover of hens (feather score of 2.46 to 2.67), but there was a 54.5% increase in hen mortality during a period of hot weather. Additional modifications to the cage are required to optimise the benefit of perches. Similarly, improvement in ventilation and cooling in naturally ventilated sheds are required to maximise the benefits of solid-sided cages for hens and avoid heat stress.

Intermittent lighting and dietary sodium bicarbonate supplementation for laying hens at high temperatures

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Balnave ◽  
S. K. Muheereza
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Lighting Regimen

Point-of-lay pullets were housed in 2 temperature-controlled rooms maintained at a constant 32°C with either a conventional 16 h light : 8 h dark (16L : 8D) or an intermittent 3L : 1D lighting regimen. They were fed either a conventional layer diet (12·0 MJ of ME and 199 g crude protein/kg) or this diet supplemented with 1% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Production and egg shell quality measurements were made at 8-week intervals from 22 to 62 weeks of age. All measures were influenced by age. The 3L : 1D regimen significantly increased feed intake (P < 0·001), weight gain (P < 0·01), egg weight (P < 0·001), egg shell breaking strength (P < 0·001), and shell thickness (P < 0·01). Significant age×light interactions were observed for feed intake, egg production, and egg mass. Hens in the 3L : 1D regimen ate significantly (P < 0·001) more food and produced significantly (P < 0·01) greater egg mass to 46 weeks of age. No significant differences were observed after 46 weeks. Although not significant, NaHCO3 consistently improved shell breaking strength. The response was small in the 16L : 8D regimen (3%) compared with the 3L : 1D environment (7%), the latter being additional to the 14% improvement resulting from the use of the 3L : 1D regimen. The results indicate advantages from the use of intermittent lighting and dietary NaHCO3 supplementation at high temperatures.

Influence of peeling and inorganic calcium concentration on the utilisation of giant taro (Alocasia macrorrhiza) corm meal by laying hens

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Diarra ◽  
I. Wamekeni ◽  
A. Vunagilee ◽  
H. Lavaka ◽  
T. Finau
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
Main Effects

The effects of peeling and limestone flour level on the utilisation of Alocasia macrorrhiza corm meal (ACM) by laying hens were investigated. Maize-based diets with two concentrations of limestone flour (40 and 60 g/kg) and diets containing 200 g peeled and unpeeled ACM meal/kg with the same levels of limestone flour were fed to five replicate pens containing 10 20-week-old Shaver brown pullets (1635 ± 148 g), each for 105 days. Results showed no interaction or main effects of ACM or limestone concentration on feed intake, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion efficiency, egg shape index, surface area and Haugh unit (P &gt; 0.05). Feeding whole ACM with 40 g limestone/kg diet reduced hen-day production and shell thickness (P &lt; 0.05) but this was overcome by increasing limestone concentration to 60 g/kg diet. Peeled ACM with both concentrations of limestone flour maintained laying performance and egg quality. We concluded that feeding 200 g whole ACM depresses egg production and shell quality in laying hens, but increasing dietary limestone concentration overcomes this adverse effect. The concentration of limestone flour in the diet has no effect on laying performance. Higher inclusion levels of ACM, calcium source and level that will maintain laying performance and reduce feed cost need to be investigated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document