Grain Fumigant Determination, Polarographic Determination of Methyl Bromide, Ethylene Dibromide, Acrylonitrile, Chloropicrin, and Carbon Tetrachloride in Air

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Berck
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Polarographic Determination ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide

Method for Determining Multiple Residues of Organic Fumigants in Cereal Grains

1970 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-746
Author(s):  
Bernadette Malone
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Acid Medium ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Carbon Disulfide ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Ethylene Dichloride ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Solvent Residues

Abstract A method is described for determination of residues of the fumigants methyl bromide, carbon disulfide, chloroform, ethylene dichloride, carbon tetrachloride, and ethylene dibromide in cereal grains. Whole or ground grain is boiled in an acid medium, and the volatile fumigants are dried and collected in cold solvent. Residues are determined by analyzing aliquots of the collected solution by electron capture GLC. Recoveries range from 59 to 105%. Extraction appears to be complete in the 2 hr boiling period specified. An unexplained conversion of carbon tetrachloride to chloroform is described.

Improved Codistillation Method for Determination of Carbon Tetrachloride, Ethylene Dichloride, and Ethylene Dibromide in Grain and Grain-Based Products

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-762
Author(s):  
Jonathan W Devries ◽  
Paul A Larson ◽  
Raymond H Bowers ◽  
Joyce A Keating ◽  
James M Broge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Ethylene Dichloride ◽  
Standard Mixture ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
The Common ◽  
Hexane Solution

Abstract A method is described for the determination of the common fumigants carbon tetrachloride (CC14), ethylene dichloride (EDC), and ethylene dibromide (EDB) in grain and grain-based products. A properly prepared sample is mixed with water and hexane, an internal standard mixture of 1,2-dichloropropane (DCP) and 1,2-dibromopropane (DBP) is added, and the fumigants are codistilled with the hexane into an appropriate receiver. After the hexane solution is dried over sodium sulfate, the quantities of fumigants present are quantitated on a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with an electron capture detector (ECD). For the matrices investigated, the relative standard deviation of the method was 6.0,9.7, and 23.1% for CC14, EDC, and EDB, respectively. Recoveries of added fumigants were 107, 95, and 101%, respectively. Comparison with an acetone-water soak extraction method gave a correlation of 0.967 between methods for EDB with odds of a difference between methods of 35%.

A Review of Bromine Determination in Foods

1975 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton E Getzendaner
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Instrumental Methods ◽  
Bromine Determination

Abstract Organic compounds containing bromine, including methyl bromide, ethylene dibromide, and l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, have been used extensively for the fumigation of foods, or soils in which foods grow, making it necessary to determine residues of bromine and bromine-containing organic compounds. A large number of methods for the determination of bromine in foods, as organic, inorganic, and combined total bromide, have been developed. In methods for organic bromide, the bromine is converted to the inorganic form for measurement by titration, photometry, or other means. In recent years, instrumental methods have been developed in which the total bromine in the sample is determined, regardless of the state in which it exists. X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analysis are the 2 instrumental methods used most widely. Residue data are presented for some typical bromine-containing samples.

Modification of the AOAC Method for Determination of Fumigants in Wheat

1980 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-545
Author(s):  
Marion Clower Jr
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Ethylene Dichloride ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Lower Limits

Abstract The official first action AOAC method for determination of residues of fumigants in grains has been modified for use by 6 laboratories in an FDA pesticide surveillance program. A 15% OV-I7 gas-liquid chromatographic column, installed in a chromatograph equipped with a constant current 63Ni electron capture detector, provides for improved resolution, multiresidue capability, and lower limits of detection. A study was made of the behavior of chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene dichloride, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and ethylene dibromide through the method. Recoveries from fortified wheat samples averaged 105-115%. Experimental evidence is presented which suggests that part of the consistent trend toward high recovery can be attributed to selective sorption of acetone by the CaCI2 used in the final drying step.

Analysis of Grains for Multiple Residues of Organic Fumigants

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 800-805
Author(s):  
Bernadette Malone
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Carbon Disulfide ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Acid Reflux ◽  
Ethylene Dichloride ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide

Abstract A sweep co-distillation procedure, a published steam distillation procedure, and an adaptation of an established acid reflux procedure for isolating fumigant residues were compared. Residues were detectable by electron capture gas chromatography at levels approaching or surpassing 0.1 ppm. Fumigants used were carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, ethylene dichloride, ethylene dibromide, methyl bromide, and chloroform. Comparison of the three methods, using the same detection for all, showed that acid reflux was the most promising procedure for recovering added fumigants from grain and extracting fumigation residues. This procedure should be further refined.

Post-fumigation productivity of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Trogoderma Granarium

AbstractThe productivity of adults of Trogoderma granarium Everts was reduced following fumigation of the larvae with high dosages of carbon tetrachloride, ethylene dibromide or phosphine. Carbon dioxide, ethylene oxide, methyl bromide, methyl iodide and trichloroethylene had little influence on the productivity. From 0 to 23 % of surviving larvae diapaused compared with 3 % of untreated ones.

scholarly journals Some density determinations

1923 ◽  
Vol 103 (722) ◽  
pp. 487-499 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physical Constant ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
General Character ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Exhaustive Study

It was required to determine the densities of small quantities of metallic elements to an accuracy of about one part in 10,000, and this paper is an account of some of the work undertaken to reach that end. In the course of the work, the densities of the following substances have been determined :─ (1) Carbon tetrachloride. (2) Ethylene dibromide. (3) Cadmium. (4) Lead and isotopic lead from uranium ore. Kahlbaum who has made the most exhaustive study of the density of metals, states that the determination of specific gravity of metals is a delicate matter which can only be effected with success on large quantities of substance, and one cannot attribute to the result the general character of a physical constant for the metal; the determined value belongs exclusively to the sample on which the determination is carried out. These statements are in our opinion too sweeping ; but in this paper it is only intended to describe an improvement in density measurements which renders possible determinations with accuracy on comparatively small samples, and to give a few illustration of the effectiveness of the method.

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