Influence of Rainfall Distribution on Simulations of Atrazine, Metolachlor, and Isoxaflutole/Metabolite Transport in Subsurface Drained Fields

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (14) ◽  
pp. 5399-5407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garey A. Fox ◽  
Sri H. Pulijala ◽  
George J. Sabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Metabolite Transport

The Importance of Rainfall Distribution in Urban Drainage Operation

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fons Nelen ◽  
Annemarieke Mooijman ◽  
Per Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Statistical Point ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Spatially Distributed

A control simulation model, called LOCUS, is used to investigate the effects of spatially distributed rain and the possibilities to benefit from this phenomenon by means of real time control. The study is undertaken for a catchment in Copenhagen, where rainfall is measured with a network of 8 rain gauges. Simulation of a single rain event, which is assumed to be homogeneous, i.e. using one rain gauge for the whole catchment, leads to large over- and underestimates of the systems output variables. Therefore, when analyzing a single event the highest possible degree of rainfall information may be desired. Time-series simulations are performed for both an uncontrolled and a controlled system. It is shown that from a statistical point of view, rainfall distribution is NOT significant concerning the probability of occurrence of an overflow. The main contributing factor to the potential of real time control, concerning minimizing overflows, is to be found in the system itself, i.e. the distribution of available storage and discharge capacity. When other operational objectives are involved, e.g., to minimize peak flows to the treatment plant, rainfall distribution may be an important factor.

scholarly journals Potassium Control of Plant Functions: Ecological and Agricultural Implications

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Jordi Sardans ◽  
Josep Peñuelas
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Metabolite Transport ◽  
Physiological Functions

Potassium, mostly as a cation (K+), together with calcium (Ca2+) are the most abundant inorganic chemicals in plant cellular media, but they are rarely discussed. K+ is not a component of molecular or macromolecular plant structures, thus it is more difficult to link it to concrete metabolic pathways than nitrogen or phosphorus. Over the last two decades, many studies have reported on the role of K+ in several physiological functions, including controlling cellular growth and wood formation, xylem–phloem water content and movement, nutrient and metabolite transport, and stress responses. In this paper, we present an overview of contemporary findings associating K+ with various plant functions, emphasizing plant-mediated responses to environmental abiotic and biotic shifts and stresses by controlling transmembrane potentials and water, nutrient, and metabolite transport. These essential roles of K+ account for its high concentrations in the most active plant organs, such as leaves, and are consistent with the increasing number of ecological and agricultural studies that report K+ as a key element in the function and structure of terrestrial ecosystems, crop production, and global food security. We synthesized these roles from an integrated perspective, considering the metabolic and physiological functions of individual plants and their complex roles in terrestrial ecosystem functions and food security within the current context of ongoing global change. Thus, we provide a bridge between studies of K+ at the plant and ecological levels to ultimately claim that K+ should be considered at least at a level similar to N and P in terrestrial ecological studies.

Peroxisomal fatty acid alpha- and beta-oxidation in humans: new insights into enzymology, substrate specificities, metabolite transport and peroxisomal diseases

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. A2-A2
Author(s):  
R. J. A. Wanders ◽  
S. Ferdinandusse ◽  
G. A. Jansen ◽  
E. G. van Grusven ◽  
H. R. Waterham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Beta Oxidation ◽  
Metabolite Transport ◽  
Substrate Specificities ◽  
Peroxisomal Fatty Acid

scholarly journals A MODEL FOR ESTIMATING ACTUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FROM POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

1975 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. KRISTENSEN ◽  
S. E. JENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Sugar Beets

A model for calculating the daily actual evapotranspiration based on the potential one is presented. The potential evapotranspiration is reduced according to vegetation density, water content in the root zone, and the rainfall distribution. The model is tested by comparing measured (EAm) and calculated (EAc) evapotranspirations from barley, fodder sugar beets, and grass over a four year period. The measured and calculated values agree within 10 %. The model also yields information on soil water content and runoff from the root zone.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Production and Productivity: A Case Study of Maize Research and Development In Nepal

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janak Lal Nayava ◽  
Dil Bahadur Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
Present Rate ◽  
Annual Maximum Temperature

The relation between climate and maize production in Nepal was studied for the period 1970/71-2007/08. Due to the topographical differences within north-south span of the country, Nepal has wide variety of climatic condition. About 70 to 90% of the rainfall occurs during summer monsoon (June to September) and the rest of the months are almost dry. Maize is cultivated from March to May depending on the rainfall distribution. Due to the availability of improved seeds, the maize yield has been steadily increasing after 1987/1988. The national area and yield of maize is estimated to be 870,166ha and 2159kg/ha respectively in 2007/08. The present rate of annual increase of temperature is 0.04°C in Nepal. Trends of temperature rise are not uniform throughout Nepal. An increase of annual temperature at Rampur during 1968-2008 was only 0.039°C. However, at Rampur during the maize growing seasons, March/April - May, the trend of annual maximum temperature had not been changed, but during the month of June and July, the trend of increase of maximum temperature was 0.03°C to 0.04°C /year.Key words: Climate-change; Global-warming; Hill; Mountain; Nepal; TaraiThe Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 11, 2010Page: 59-69Uploaded Date: 15 September, 2010

scholarly journals On the Relationship between Intensity and Rainfall Distribution in Tropical Cyclones Making Landfall over China

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 2883-2901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zifeng Yu ◽  
Yuqing Wang ◽  
Haiming Xu ◽  
Noel Davidson ◽  
Yandie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Rain Rate ◽  
Vertical Wind Shear ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Rain Area ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Rain Rates ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractTRMM satellite 3B42 rainfall estimates for 133 landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) over China during 2001–15 are used to examine the relationship between TC intensity and rainfall distribution. The rain rate of each TC is decomposed into axisymmetric and asymmetric components. The results reveal that, on average, axisymmetric rainfall is closely related to TC intensity. Stronger TCs have higher averaged peak axisymmetric rain rates, more averaged total rain, larger averaged rain areas, higher averaged rain rates, higher averaged amplitudes of the axisymmetric rainfall, and lower amplitudes of wavenumbers 1–4 relative to the total rainfall. Among different TC intensity change categories, rapidly decaying TCs show the most rapid decrease in both the total rainfall and the axisymmetric rainfall relative to the total rain. However, the maximum total rain, maximum rain area, and maximum rain rate are not absolutely dependent on TC intensity, suggesting that stronger TCs do not have systematically higher maximum rain rates than weaker storms. Results also show that the translational speed of TCs has little effect on the asymmetric rainfall distribution in landfalling TCs. The maximum rainfall of both the weaker and stronger TCs is generally located downshear to downshear left. However, when environmental vertical wind shear (VWS) is less than 5 m s−1, the asymmetric rainfall maxima are more frequently located upshear and onshore, suggesting that in weak VWS environments the coastline could have a significant effect on the rainfall asymmetry in landfalling TCs.

scholarly journals Effects of Bucket Type and Angle on Downstream Nappe Wind Caused by a Turbulent Jet

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jijian Lian ◽  
Junling He ◽  
Wenjuan Gou ◽  
Danjie Ran
Keyword(s):  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Physical Experiment ◽  
Turbulent Jet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
Operational Safety

The downstream nappe wind caused by flood discharge has a great influence on the rainfall distribution, the operational safety of dams, and their surrounding ecological environments. A physical experiment was conducted to measure the spatial distribution of the downstream nappe wind and the splash for a continuous bucket (CB) and a tongue-shaped bucket (TB) for five bucket angles (40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, and 60°). The experimental results demonstrate that the trajectory width and height of the nappe increase as the angles increase, but the effect on the length is converse. The wind velocity and splash weight of the two buckets decrease along the flowing direction. In the lateral direction, the wind velocity and splash weight for the CB decrease as y increases, but the wind velocity of the TB trends to humplike; its splash weight decreases near the axis of the bucket, and is stable in the other region. In the vertical direction, the velocity for the CB increases and then decreases as z increases, but that for the TB decreases monotonously. The velocity of the wind and weight of the splash for the CB decreases with the increasing angles, but those of the TB peak at 45°. The findings are useful for the more accurate prediction of rainfall.

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