Viscosity of the Saturated Liquid Phase of Three Fluorinated Ethanes:  R152a, R143a, and R125

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Ripple ◽  
Dana Defibaugh
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Saturated Liquid

THE PREPARATION OF HEXACHLOROETHANE IN THE LIQUID PHASE BY CHLORINATION OF TETRA—AND PENTACHLOROETHANE

1946 ◽  
Vol 24f (5) ◽  
pp. 369-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse A. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Saturated Liquid ◽  
Ultra Violet Light ◽  
Violet Light ◽  
Rapid Production ◽  
Effective Wave

Preliminary investigations showed a slow rate of production of hexachloroethane from chlorine-saturated liquid tetrachloroethane. The addition of some materials that often accelerate similar reactions was not effective here. However, rapid production was obtained by chlorinating tetrachloroethane in the presence of ultra-violet light. The effective wave-lengths appeared to lie between 3150 Å and 3540 Å, and the temperature coefficient between 75° and 100 °C. was 1.10. The result indicated that production of hexachloroethane from chlorine-saturated liquid tetrachloroethane was feasible. For the same conditions of illumination and temperature hexachloroethane was produced from chlorine-saturated pentachloroethane at a rate two and one-half times as fast as that in chlorine-saturated tetrachloroethane.

Bulk Modulus in Polycrystalline Inert Gas Solids at 0 K

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (17) ◽  
pp. 2027-2032 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Aziz ◽  
D. H. Bowman ◽  
C. C. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Bulk Modulus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
New Method ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Saturated Liquid ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Phase Measurements ◽  
Solid Density

Bulk modulus values in the inert gas solids at 0 K are of interest because they may be compared with theoretical estimates based on assumed models of the solid. Various methods have been used to estimate the 0 K bulk modulus B(0) from experimental data. In this paper we propose a new method for estimating B(0) which is based on the empirical observation that saturated liquid phase sound velocities, when extrapolated linearly in density to 0 K solid density, give results agreeing with the best solid phase measurements.

scholarly journals Density Measurements of Two Liquefied Biomethane-Like Mixtures over the Temperature Range from (100 to 180) K at Pressures up to 9.0 MPa

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Cavuoto ◽  
Nils von Preetzmann ◽  
Philipp Eckmann ◽  
Jianrong Li ◽  
Adriaan M. H. van der Veen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Magnetic Suspension ◽  
Saturated Liquid ◽  
Homogeneous Liquid ◽  
Combined Uncertainty ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Cell Densities

AbstractDensities of two synthetic biomethane-like mixtures were measured in the homogeneous liquid phase and the supercritical region using a low-temperature single-sinker magnetic-suspension densimeter. Both mixtures consist of methane, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen, whereas the second mixture additionally contains carbon dioxide. For the first mixture, four isotherms from (100 to 160) K were studied over the pressure range from (1.5 to 6.6) MPa. The second mixture was investigated along three isotherms from (140 to 180) K at pressures of (2.6 to 9.0) MPa, where only the densities at 180 K are usable due to solidification of the carbon dioxide at the lower temperatures. The relative expanded combined uncertainty (k = 2) of the experimental densities was estimated to be in the range of (0.022 to 0.027)  % for the first mixture and (0.046 to 0.054)  % for the second mixture, respectively. Due to a supercritical liquefaction procedure and the integration of a special VLE-cell, densities in the homogeneous liquid phase could be measured without changing the composition of the liquefied mixture. Moreover, saturated-liquid densities were determined by extrapolation of the experimental single-phase liquid densities to the vapor pressure, which was determined experimentally for the mixture without carbon dioxide and calculated with an equation of state (EOS) for the mixture containing carbon dioxide. The relative expanded combined uncertainty (k = 2) of the saturated-liquid densities is less than 0.08 % in most cases. The new experimental results were compared with the GERG-2008 equation of state; the deviations are less than 0.17 %.

Thermal Conductivity of Some Oxygenated Fuels and Additives in the Saturated Liquid Phase

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangtao Wu ◽  
Zhigang Liu ◽  
Xiaogang Jin ◽  
Jiang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Saturated Liquid ◽  
Oxygenated Fuels

The far-infrared collision-induced spectrum of liquid and near-critical CO2

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 1559-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Clouter ◽  
A. R. W. McKellar
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Theory ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Density Fluctuations ◽  
Saturated Liquid ◽  
Phase Measurements ◽  
Critical Isochore ◽  
Far Infrared Spectra

Far-infrared (15–200 cm−1) absorption spectra of CO2 have been obtained (i) in the super-critical gas at 306 K with densities from 80 to 122 amagat, (ii) in the saturated liquid at 298, 272, and 236 K, and (iii) on the critical isochore in the temperature range 0.02 K < (T – Tc) < 2.0 K. The gas-phase measurements are in agreement with previous work, but an error in previously reported liquid-phase results is revealed. In contrast to the previous measurements of Mannik and Stryland on the ν1 band, the far-infrared spectra showed no measurable effects associated with density fluctuations in the critical region. A simple statistical theory is proposed to account for this result.

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