Pure Acid-Free Amides of C18Fatty Acids.

1960 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Mod ◽  
F. C. Magne ◽  
E. L. Skau
Keyword(s):  
Pure Acid

Note on the Digestion of Starch in the Stomach

1897 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
W. G. Aitchison Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Caustic Potash ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
Pure Acid ◽  
Starch Solution ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Image Position

The following experiments were performed with normal human gastric secretion. After thoroughly washing out the stomach of a healthy man, several ounces of a dilute solution of Caffyn's liquor carnis were introduced into it. After the lapse of an hour the contents of the stomach were drawn off, filtered, and used instead of the pure acid solutions in former experiments. The acidity of the gastric fluid was due to inorganic acid and amounted to 0·15 per cent. hydrochloric acid.This experiment shows that, in the stomach, with an acidity of the contents less than that even normally present in the gastric secretion, the action of ptyalin is wholly restrained.Was the ferment merely inhibited from action by the acid, or was it destroyed ?To determine this, I took equal volumes of this gastric fluid, 1 per cent, starch solution, and saliva, and having mixed them, carefully neutralised the mixture with a solution of caustic potash, using very delicate test-papers to show the neutral point.On examining the mixture shortly after neutralisation, the whole of the starch was found to have undergone conversion. It reduced Fehling's solution strongly, and contained 0·22 per cent. of reducing substance. This demonstrates that, with an acidity equal to 0·05 per ′cent, hydrochloric acid, the action of ptyalin is restrained.I performed similar experiments with the gastric fluid from a case of chronic gastric catarrh, the acidity of which was equal to 0·067 per cent. hydrochloric acid.

1. On the Analysis of Compound Ethers

1869 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
W. Dittmar
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Pure Acid ◽  
Elementary Analysis ◽  
Pure Alcohol ◽  
Direct Experiment

In many cases the best guarantee of the purity of a chemical substance is the method by which it has been prepared. If the processes are well devised and carefully conducted, they constitute in themselves a qualitative analysis on a large scale, the exactitude and reliability of which go far beyond what could be obtained by ordinary testing. This, however, does not apply to many organic preparations, and is eminently inapplicable in the case of compound ethers. If in the preparation of such an ether, we start with a pure alcohol and a pure acid, and carefully distil, wash, and redistil the ether produced, the product ultimately obtained may contain considerable quantities of alcohol, free acid, and water. The purity of a compound ether can be established only by direct Experiment. Free acid is easily tested for, and even quantitatively determined by the well-known acidimetric processes; the presence or absence of water may be proved by an elementary analysis, but an admixture of alcohol is not easily established.

On the mutual action of sulphuric acid and naphthaline, and on a new acid produced

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 265-265
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Pure Acid ◽  
Sour Taste ◽  
Distinct Class ◽  
Mutual Action

In this communication Mr. Faraday shows that when sulphuric acid and naphthaline act upon each other, a peculiar compound pos­sessed of distinct acid characters is the result. This acid is most readily obtained by heating two parts of naphthaline with one of sulphuric acid. The mixture concretes on cooling, and separates into two parts, the uppermost of which is little else than naphthaline, but the lower, heavier part contains the peculiar acid, which, being soluble in water, is easily separated by that fluid, not, however, pure, but still containing mixed sulphuric acid. The author, however, ob­tained the pure acid by decomposing its compound with baryta, which is soluble, by sulphuric acid. It then had a bitter sour taste, and formed a distinct class of salts with the different bases, all of which are soluble in water and in alcohol, and combustible. By careful evaporation of the aqueous solution of this acid, a white crystalline deliquescent solution was obtained, evolving water when heated, and at high temperatures affording sulphurous acid, char­coal, and naphthaline. To determine the ultimate component parts of this acid, its compound with baryta was subjected to rigid analysis.

Elution Column Preparation of Leaf Sample for Flame Photometry. II. Determination of Calcium in Tobacco

1963 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-424
Author(s):  
James T Dobbins
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Flame Photometry ◽  
Equivalent Amount ◽  
Pure Acid ◽  
Final Solution ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Column Preparation ◽  
Calcium Determination

Abstract A simplified method of preparing tobacco samples for calcium determination was sought. Timed leachings of tobacco indicated that cation exchange phenomena operated in systems containing calcium, potassium, tobacco cellulose, and water. Affinities of the cations involved were such that hydrogen ion exchanged with calcium and displaced it into solution. An elutive treatment was developed, based on this property, whereby the readsorption of calcium could be successfully reduced. A radiation buffer technique of flame photometric examination eliminated the effect of potassium interference on calcium determination, allowing calcium and potassium to be run on the same eluate when treated as follows: Tobacco is mixed with acid-washed Celite 545, topped with pure acid-washed Celite 545, and eluted with 3N HCl. The eluate is made to 1000 ml and a portion is withdrawn and compared against standards containing the equivalent amount of acid for potassium determination. A 50 ml aliquot of eluate is then made to 100 ml with sufficient potassium of any convenient concentration, such as 15 ml of 2000 ppm potassium, so as to yield a final solution containing 300 ppm K. Calcium is compared to similarly prepared flame photometry standards.

scholarly journals Understanding the role played by protic ionic liquids (PILs) and the substituent effect for enhancing the generation of Z-cinnamic acid derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío B. Rodríguez ◽  
Ramiro L. Zapata ◽  
María L. Salum ◽  
Rosa Erra-Balsells
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Substituent Effect ◽  
Pure Acid ◽  
Protic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Cinnamic Acids ◽  
Cinnamic Acid Derivatives

Cinnamic acids in their PIL form are more reactive than in their pure acid forms toward photoisomerization. This knowledge is successfully used for establishing an efficient and practical synthetic protocol for synthesizing Z-cinnamic derivatives.

scholarly journals Cesium Salt of Sodium 30-Tungstopentaphosphate: An Effective and Green Polyoxometalate for Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles along with Decoration of Titanium Dioxide with Gold Nanoparticles for Bleaching of Malachite Green

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Farrash Bamoharram ◽  
Afsaneh Moghadam Jafari ◽  
Ali Ayati ◽  
Bahareh Tanhaei ◽  
Mika Sillanpää
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Pure Acid ◽  
Cesium Salt ◽  
Amine Functionalized ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Surface ◽  
First Time ◽  
Better Than

For the first time, capability of the cesium salt of sodium 30-tungstopentaphosphate, the so-called Preyssler’s anion (CsP5), as a green and eco-friendly polyoxometalate was investigated in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and decoration of titanium dioxide with gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles and nanocomposites were characterized by TEM, XRD, UV, and FTIR. TEM images showed that the gold nanoparticles have tubular and spherical shapes and particle size ranges from 10 to 25 nm. For gold-decorated titanium dioxide/Preyssler, a comparison between pure and amine-modified titanium dioxide showed higher loading of gold nanoparticles on amine-functionalized titanium dioxide. The performance of CsP5was compared with its pure acid (HP5). Our findings showed that CsP5, as a catalytic linker to bind onto titanium dioxide surface for reducing gold nanoparticles, renders decoration better than HP5in both pure and modified titanium dioxide. In addition, efficiency of the photocatalytic bleaching of malachite green by the synthesized nanocomposites was found to be excellent.

scholarly journals X. On the properties of electro-deposited antimony

1858 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Pure Acid ◽  
Philosophical Magazine ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Deposited Metal ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Tartar Emetic

1. While engaged in depositing antimony by the electro-process in October 1854, I observed a remarkable phenomenon of development of heat in the deposited metal when gently struck, and published a brief account of it in the Philosophical Magazine for January 1855; since that period I have investigated the phenomenon, and have now the honour of laying the results before the Royal Society. 2. In depositing this metal by the electro-process several solutions may be successfully used, consisting of compounds of the metal either with hydrochloric or tartaric acid; but those I have generally operated with have consisted,—1st, of ordinary chloride of antimony (as prepared for pharmaceutical purposes) nearly saturated with antimony, by suspending a plate of that metal in it as an anode, and passing an electric current from several pairs of zinc and silver batteries through it until a copious deposit of bright metal occurred, and until its yellow colour had nearly disappeared; and 2nd, of five parts of tartar-emetic and five parts of tartaric acid, dissolved in a mixture of two parts of hydrochloric acid and thirty parts of water; each solution being filtered before using. A most excellent solution in lieu of the first may quickly be formed by saturating ordinary chloride of antimony with tartar-emetic, using about three or four parts of the former to one of the latter; or by dissolving two parts of tartar-emetic in three parts of hydrochloric acid. I have also in place of that liquid occasionally used hydrochloric acid saturated with antimony by the battery process; and sometimes a liquid composed of seven parts of tartar-emetic dissolved in a mixture of eight parts of hydrochloric acid and four parts of water., Substituting pure acid, distilled water, and pure antimony, for those of the ordinary quality, made no material difference in the results. Each solution requires to be electrolysed a short time before it yields a good and uniform deposit.

On the decomposition and analysis of the compounds of am­monia and cyanogen

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 599-599
Keyword(s):  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Pure Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Gas

This paper is divided into four parts ; the first relates to the decomposition of ammonia and its compounds by the compounds of chlorine, and the collection and measurement of the nitrogen gas which is disengaged, the amount of which the author considers as furnishing a ready and accurate mode of estimating the quantity of ammonia in the solution subjected to analysis. The chloride of lime was the salt usually employed for this purpose : this method is regarded by the author as being peculiarly applicable to the analysis of organic substances. The second part treats of the decomposition and estimation of hydrocyanic acid and its compounds by means of chloride of lime, yielding nitrogen gas and carbonate of lime ; a process which occupies but a few seconds. In some cases, the employment of chloride of soda is preferable to that of chloride of lime, on account of the solubility of all the compounds that are formed. The author found the same method applicable also to the analysis of the salts of cyanogen ; for the cyanides of the alkalies are decomposed by it as rapidly as the pure acid itself. The ferro-cyanides are also very readily decomposed.

scholarly journals III. A new method of assaying copper ores

1780 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
New Method ◽  
Pure Acid ◽  
Muriatic Acid ◽  
Copper Ores

PROCESS. Take 100 grains of the ore, powder it finely, put it into a small matrass of a glass phial, put upon it half an ounce of nitrous acid, of the strength commonly sold by the name of aqua fortis , that is, the pure acid diluted with about four times its weight of water; and half an ounce of muriatic acid sold by the name of spirit of salt; place the vessel in a sand heat, or if you have none, an iron pot or fire shovel with sand may be put over a common fire, and the mattrass or phial set in it. Raise a moderate heat, an effervescence will take place for the most part; when this ceases increase the heat till it is renewed, and so proceed till the liquor boils, which is also to be done if no effervescence will take place; boil them together for a quarter of an hour.

scholarly journals The Effect of Untreated and Acidified Biochar on NH3-N Emissions from Slurry Digestate

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 837
Author(s):  
Pavel Covali ◽  
Henn Raave ◽  
Jordi Escuer-Gatius ◽  
Allan Kaasik ◽  
Tõnu Tõnutare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Pure Acid ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Hydrophobic Property ◽  
Total N ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
N Volatilization

The development of new options to reduce ammonia (NH3) emissions during slurry manure storage is still required due to the shortcomings of the current technologies. This study aimed to identify to what extent untreated and acid-treated biochar (BC) and pure acids could reduce ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) volatilization and increase nitrogen retention in slurry digestate. The NH3-N emissions were effectively reduced by H2SO4 and H3PO4 acids, untreated BC when applied mixed into the digestate and acidified BC treatments applied on the surface of the digestate. Acidification increased the specific surface area and number of O-containing surface functional groups of the BC and decreased the pH, alkalinity and the hydrophobic property. Compared to untreated BC, the ability of BC to reduce NH3-N emissions was greater when it was acidified with H2SO4 and applied to the digestate surface. The effect on digestate pH of acidified BC when applied mixed into the digestate was not different, except for H2O2, from that of the addition of the respective pure acid to digestate. The total N concentration in digestate was not significantly correlated with NH3-N emissions. These findings indicate that acidified BC could be an effective conditioner to reduce NH3-N emissions from slurry digestate storage.

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