scholarly journals In Situ Visualization of Lithium Ion Intercalation into MoS2 Single Crystals using Differential Optical Microscopy with Atomic Layer Resolution

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
pp. 3355-3361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukkannan Azhagurajan ◽  
Tetsuya Kajita ◽  
Takashi Itoh ◽  
Youn-Geun Kim ◽  
Kingo Itaya
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
In Situ Visualization ◽  
Ion Intercalation

Atomic Layer Deposition of LiF and Lithium Ion Conducting (AlF3)(LiF)x Alloys Using Trimethylaluminum, Lithium Hexamethyldisilazide and Hydrogen Fluoride

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younghee Lee ◽  
Daniela M. Piper ◽  
Andrew S. Cavanagh ◽  
Matthias J. Young ◽  
Se-Hee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Alloy Film ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Ion Conducting ◽  
Good Agreement

<div>Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of LiF and lithium ion conducting (AlF<sub>3</sub>)(LiF)<sub>x</sub> alloys was developed using trimethylaluminum, lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS) and hydrogen fluoride derived from HF-pyridine solution. ALD of LiF was studied using in situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and in situ quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) at reaction temperatures between 125°C and 250°C. A mass gain per cycle of 12 ng/(cm<sup>2</sup> cycle) was obtained from QCM measurements at 150°C and decreased at higher temperatures. QMS detected FSi(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> as a reaction byproduct instead of HMDS at 150°C. LiF ALD showed self-limiting behavior. Ex situ measurements using X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) showed a growth rate of 0.5-0.6 Å/cycle, in good agreement with the in situ QCM measurements.</div><div>ALD of lithium ion conducting (AlF3)(LiF)x alloys was also demonstrated using in situ QCM and in situ QMS at reaction temperatures at 150°C A mass gain per sequence of 22 ng/(cm<sup>2</sup> cycle) was obtained from QCM measurements at 150°C. Ex situ measurements using XRR and SE showed a linear growth rate of 0.9 Å/sequence, in good agreement with the in situ QCM measurements. Stoichiometry between AlF<sub>3</sub> and LiF by QCM experiment was calculated to 1:2.8. XPS showed LiF film consist of lithium and fluorine. XPS also showed (AlF<sub>3</sub>)(LiF)x alloy consists of aluminum, lithium and fluorine. Carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen impurities were both below the detection limit of XPS. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) observed that LiF and (AlF<sub>3</sub>)(LiF)<sub>x</sub> alloy film have crystalline structures. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ionic chromatography revealed atomic ratio of Li:F=1:1.1 and Al:Li:F=1:2.7: 5.4 for (AlF<sub>3</sub>)(LiF)<sub>x</sub> alloy film. These atomic ratios were consistent with the calculation from QCM experiments. Finally, lithium ion conductivity (AlF<sub>3</sub>)(LiF)<sub>x</sub> alloy film was measured as σ = 7.5 × 10<sup>-6</sup> S/cm.</div>

scholarly journals Insitu Raman study of lithium-ion intercalation into microcrystalline graphite

2014 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 223-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Sole ◽  
Nicholas E. Drewett ◽  
Laurence J. Hardwick
Keyword(s):  
Double Resonance ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Band Shape ◽  
Graphene Layers ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Ion Intercalation

The first and second order Raman spectra of graphite during the first lithiation and delithiation have been investigated in a typical lithium-ion battery electrolyte. In situ, real-time Raman measurements under potential control enable the probing of the graphitic negative electrode surface region during ion insertion and extraction. The experimental results reveal the staging formation of a single particle within a free standing graphitic electrode. In particular, the in situ behaviour of the double resonance 2D band during the lithiation and delithiation of graphitic carbon has not been previously reported. The 2D band was observed to shift from 2681 to 2611 cm−1 and the band shape transformed into a single Lorentzian from 0.24 to 0.15 V vs. Li/Li+, providing further information on the electronic structure and C–C bonding of stage 3 and 4 graphite intercalation compounds. The behaviour of the 2D band is in keeping with the Daumas–Hérold model of electrochemically derived intercalation, where the graphene layers are flexible and deform around domains of intercalating lithium ions.

An in situ formed Se/CMK-3 composite for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries with long-term cycling performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (35) ◽  
pp. 13646-13651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Zheng ◽  
Minying Liu ◽  
Wenqiang Chen ◽  
Lingxing Zeng ◽  
Mingdeng Wei
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rate Performance ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Ion Intercalation ◽  
High Rate Performance

A Se/CMK-3 composite was in situ synthesized, exhibiting large capacity, high rate performance and excellent long-term cycling stability for Li-ion intercalation.

Insights from Lithium Stripping Dynamics on Fast Charging

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobana Perumaram Rangarajan ◽  
Partha P Mukherjee ◽  
Yevgen Barsukov ◽  
Conner Fear ◽  
Gayatri Dadheech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphite Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Visualization Method ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
S Factor ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
In Situ Visualization ◽  
Voltage Plateau ◽  
A Charge

Safe and reliable fast charging of lithium-ion batteries is contingent upon the development of facile methods of detection and quantification of lithium plating. Among the leading candidates for online lithium plating detection is analysis of the voltage plateau observed during the rest or discharge phase ensuing a charge. In this work, an operando metric, ‘S-factor,’ is developed from electrochemical data to quantitatively analyze the severity of lithium plating over a range of charge rates and temperatures. An in-situ visualization method is employed to study the physical mechanisms and phase transitions occurring at the graphite electrode during the voltage plateau.

Atomic Layer Deposition of LiF and Lithium Ion Conducting (AlF3)(LiF)x Alloys Using Trimethylaluminum, Lithium Hexamethyldisilazide and Hydrogen Fluoride

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younghee Lee ◽  
Daniela M. Piper ◽  
Andrew S. Cavanagh ◽  
Matthias J. Young ◽  
Se-Hee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Alloy Film ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Ion Conducting ◽  
Good Agreement

<div>Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of LiF and lithium ion conducting (AlF<sub>3</sub>)(LiF)<sub>x</sub> alloys was developed using trimethylaluminum, lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS) and hydrogen fluoride derived from HF-pyridine solution. ALD of LiF was studied using in situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and in situ quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) at reaction temperatures between 125°C and 250°C. A mass gain per cycle of 12 ng/(cm<sup>2</sup> cycle) was obtained from QCM measurements at 150°C and decreased at higher temperatures. QMS detected FSi(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> as a reaction byproduct instead of HMDS at 150°C. LiF ALD showed self-limiting behavior. Ex situ measurements using X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) showed a growth rate of 0.5-0.6 Å/cycle, in good agreement with the in situ QCM measurements.</div><div>ALD of lithium ion conducting (AlF3)(LiF)x alloys was also demonstrated using in situ QCM and in situ QMS at reaction temperatures at 150°C A mass gain per sequence of 22 ng/(cm<sup>2</sup> cycle) was obtained from QCM measurements at 150°C. Ex situ measurements using XRR and SE showed a linear growth rate of 0.9 Å/sequence, in good agreement with the in situ QCM measurements. Stoichiometry between AlF<sub>3</sub> and LiF by QCM experiment was calculated to 1:2.8. XPS showed LiF film consist of lithium and fluorine. XPS also showed (AlF<sub>3</sub>)(LiF)x alloy consists of aluminum, lithium and fluorine. Carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen impurities were both below the detection limit of XPS. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) observed that LiF and (AlF<sub>3</sub>)(LiF)<sub>x</sub> alloy film have crystalline structures. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ionic chromatography revealed atomic ratio of Li:F=1:1.1 and Al:Li:F=1:2.7: 5.4 for (AlF<sub>3</sub>)(LiF)<sub>x</sub> alloy film. These atomic ratios were consistent with the calculation from QCM experiments. Finally, lithium ion conductivity (AlF<sub>3</sub>)(LiF)<sub>x</sub> alloy film was measured as σ = 7.5 × 10<sup>-6</sup> S/cm.</div>

scholarly journals Analysis of Switching Current Data during Polarization Reversal in KTP Single Crystals with Surface Dielectric Layer

Crystals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Akhmatkhanov ◽  
Ekaterina Vaskina ◽  
Ekaterina Gachegova ◽  
Vladimir Shur
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Dielectric Layer ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Domain Growth ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Polarization Reversal ◽  
Switching Current ◽  
In Situ Visualization

Studies of polarization reversal processes in potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO4, KTP) single crystals with surface dielectric layer are important due to their potential applications as the basis of bottom-up technology for creation of periodically poled nonlinear-optical crystals. We present the results of switching currents analysis accompanied by in situ visualization of domain kinetics during polarization reversal in KTP with 3 m-thick photoresist dielectric layer. Qualitative change of the switching current shape has been revealed as compared to the polarization reversal without surface dielectric layer. Two stages of domain structure evolution have been distinguished by in situ visualization of domain kinetics. The formation of submicron domain streamers in front of the moving domain walls has been revealed. The broadening of the domain streamers (1D domain growth) was observed at the second stage. The switching currents were approximated by the modified Kolmogorov-Avrami formula taking into account the change of the growth dimensionality (“geometrical catastrophe”). The sufficient input of the 1D growth to the switching process decreased with increase of the switching field. The obtained results were attributed to the domain wall shape instability induced by retardation of the depolarization field screening in ferroelectric with surface dielectric layer.

scholarly journals Atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 on V2O5 xerogel film for enhanced lithium-ion intercalation stability

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 01A123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Liu ◽  
Yanyi Liu ◽  
Stephanie L. Candelaria ◽  
Guozhong Cao ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Layer Deposition ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
V2o5 Xerogel ◽  
Ion Intercalation
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