Adaptation of Dynamic Covalent Systems of Imine Constituents to Medium Change by Component Redistribution under Reversible Phase Separation

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (30) ◽  
pp. 12861-12868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nema Hafezi ◽  
Jean-Marie Lehn
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Medium Change ◽  
Reversible Phase

CO2 switchable deep eutectic solvents for reversible emulsion phase separation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feijie Liu ◽  
Zhimin Xue ◽  
Xue Lan ◽  
Zhenghui Liu ◽  
Tiancheng Mu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Emulsion Phase ◽  
Reversible Phase

CO2 switchable imidazole-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were formed and used for reversible phase separation of emulsions generated between DESs and oil.

Thermally reversible phase separation in polystyrene/poly(styrene-co-4-bromostyrene) blends

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2683-2689 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Strobl ◽  
J. T. Bendler ◽  
R. P. Kambour ◽  
A. R. Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Reversible Phase

scholarly journals Intrinsically disordered linkers determine the interplay between phase separation and gelation in multivalent proteins

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler S. Harmon ◽  
Alex S. Holehouse ◽  
Michael K. Rosen ◽  
Rohit V. Pappu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Genetic Encoding ◽  
Interaction Domains ◽  
Reversible Phase

AbstractMany intracellular membraneless bodies appear to form via reversible phase transitions of multivalent proteins. Two relevant types of phase transitions are sol-gel transitions (gelation) and phase separation plus gelation. Gelation refers to the formation of a system spanning molecular network. This can either be enabled by phase separation or it can occur independently. Despite relevance for the formation and selectivity of compositionally distinct protein and RNA assemblies, the determinants of gelation as opposed to phase separation plus gelation remain unclear. Here, we focus on linear multivalent proteins that consist of interaction domains that are connected by disordered linkers. Using results from computer simulations and theoretical analysis we show that the lengths and sequence-specific features of disordered linkers determine the coupling between phase separation and gelation. Thus, the precise nature of phase transitions for linear multivalent proteins should be biologically tunable through genetic encoding of or post-translational modifications to linker sequences.

scholarly journals Thermoresponsive Properties of Polyacrylamides in Physiological Solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristýna Kolouchová ◽  
Volodymyr Lobaz ◽  
Hynek Benes ◽  
Victor De la Rosa ◽  
David Babuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Cloud Point ◽  
Lower Critical Solution Temperature ◽  
Polymer Solutions ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Critical Solution Temperature ◽  
Point Temperature ◽  
Cloud Point Temperature ◽  
Reversible Phase

Polymer solutions with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) undergo reversible phase separation when heated above their cloud point temperature (TCP or CPT). As such, they have been proposed for...

Temperature Dependent Photoinduced Reversible Phase Separation in Mixed-Halide Perovskite

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 3807-3814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pronoy Nandi ◽  
Chandan Giri ◽  
Diptikanta Swain ◽  
U. Manju ◽  
Subhendra D. Mahanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Halide Perovskite ◽  
Reversible Phase

scholarly journals Mechanisms and regulation underlying membraneless organelle plasticity control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazrat Ismail ◽  
Xu Liu ◽  
Fengrui Yang ◽  
Junying Li ◽  
Ayesha Zahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Cell Plasticity ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Functional Complexity ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Reversible Phase ◽  
Separation Results

Abstract Evolution has enabled living cells to adopt their structural and functional complexity by organizing intricate cellular compartments, such as membrane-bound and membraneless organelles, for spatiotemporal catalysis of physiochemical reactions essential for cell plasticity control. Emerging evidence and view support the notion that membraneless organelles are built by multivalent interactions of biomolecules via phase separation and transition mechanisms. In healthy cells, dynamic chemical modifications regulate membraneless organelle plasticity, and reversible phase separation is essential for cell homeostasis. Emerging evidence revealed that aberrant phase separation results in numerous neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and other diseases. In this review, we provide molecular underpinnings on (i) mechanistic understanding of phase separation, (ii) unifying structural and mechanistic principles that underlie this phenomenon, (iii) various mechanisms that are used by cells for the regulation of phase separation, and (iv) emerging therapeutic and other applications.

scholarly journals Hallmarks of Reversible Phase Separation in Living, Unperturbed Cell Membranes

2017 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 522a ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Rayermann ◽  
Glennis Rayermann ◽  
Alex Merz ◽  
Sarah Keller
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Reversible Phase

scholarly journals Ligand effects on phase separation of multivalent macromolecules

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. e2017184118
Author(s):  
Kiersten M. Ruff ◽  
Furqan Dar ◽  
Rohit V. Pappu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Ligand Effects ◽  
Null Effect ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Reversible Phase

Biomolecular condensates enable spatial and temporal control over cellular processes by concentrating biomolecules into nonstoichiometric assemblies. Many condensates form via reversible phase transitions of condensate-specific multivalent macromolecules known as scaffolds. Phase transitions of scaffolds can be regulated by changing the concentrations of ligands, which are defined as nonscaffold molecules that bind to specific sites on scaffolds. Here, we use theory and computation to uncover rules that underlie ligand-mediated control over scaffold phase behavior. We use the stickers-and-spacers model wherein reversible noncovalent cross-links among stickers drive phase transitions of scaffolds, and spacers modulate the driving forces for phase transitions. We find that the modulatory effects of ligands are governed by the valence of ligands, whether they bind directly to stickers versus spacers, and the relative affinities of ligand–scaffold versus scaffold–scaffold interactions. In general, all ligands have a diluting effect on the concentration of scaffolds within condensates. Whereas monovalent ligands destabilize condensates, multivalent ligands can stabilize condensates by binding directly to spacers or destabilize condensates by binding directly to stickers. Bipartite ligands that bind to stickers and spacers can alter the structural organization of scaffold molecules within condensates even when they have a null effect on condensate stability. Our work highlights the importance of measuring dilute phase concentrations of scaffolds as a function of ligand concentration in cells. This can reveal whether ligands modulate scaffold phase behavior by enabling or suppressing phase separation at endogenous levels, thereby regulating the formation and dissolution of condensates in vivo.

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