Solvent-Free Synthesis of Zeolites from Solid Raw Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (37) ◽  
pp. 15173-15176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limin Ren ◽  
Qinming Wu ◽  
Chengguang Yang ◽  
Longfeng Zhu ◽  
Caijin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Solvent Free Synthesis

scholarly journals A Brief Review on Solvent-Free Synthesis of Zeolites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Jinlin Mei ◽  
Aijun Duan ◽  
Xilong Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Control Synthesis ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Wastewater Pollution ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Solvent Free Synthesis

The traditional hydrothermal method to prepare zeolite will inevitably use a large amount of water as a solvent, which will lead to higher autogenous pressure, low efficiency, and wastewater pollution. The solvent-free method can be used to synthesize various types of zeolites by mechanical mixing, grinding, and heating of solid raw materials, which exhibits the apparent advantages of high yield, low pollution, and high efficiency. This review mainly introduces the development process of solvent-free synthesis, preparation of hierarchical zeolite, morphology control, synthesis mechanism and applications of solvent-free methods. It can be believed that solvent-free methods will become a research focus and have enormous industrial application potential.

Solvent-free synthesis of titanosilicate zeolites

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 14093-14095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longfeng Zhu ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Qinming Wu ◽  
Chaoqun Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fumed Silica ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Titanium Sulfate ◽  
Organic Templates ◽  
Zeolite Seeds ◽  
Solvent Free Synthesis

Titanosilicate zeolites with MFI and *BEA structures are successfully synthesized using raw materials of fumed silica, titanium sulfate, organic templates, and zeolite seeds in the absence of solvents.

Solvent-Free Synthesis of MgxZn1–xO Powders from Solid Raw Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Keyan Li ◽  
Pengcheng Yan ◽  
Dongfeng Xue
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Solvent Free Synthesis

Temperature Dependent Green Synthesis of 3-Carboxycoumarins and 3,4-unsubstituted Coumarins

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack van Schijndel ◽  
Dennis Molendijk ◽  
Luiz Alberto Canalle ◽  
Erik Theodorus Rump ◽  
Jan Meuldijk
Keyword(s):  
Knoevenagel Condensation ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Temperature Optima ◽  
Solvent Free Synthesis ◽  
Full Conversion

Aim and Objective: Because of the low abundance of 3,4-unsubstituted coumarins in plants combined with the complex purification process required, synthetic routes towards 3,4-unsubstituted coumarins are especially valuable. In the present work, we explore the possibilities of a solvent-free Green Knoevenagel condensation on various 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde derivatives and malonic acid without the use of toxic organocatalysts like pyridine and piperidine but only use ammonium bicarbonate as the catalyst. Materials and Methods: To investigate the scope of the Green Knoevenagel condensation for the synthesis of 3,4-unsubstituted coumarins, various 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde derivatives were screened as starting material in the optimized two-step procedure developed for 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. </P><P> Results: This study shows that the intramolecular esterification and the decarboxylation are in competition, but show different temperature optima. In order to suppress premature decarboxylation and maximize the yield of coumarin, a two-step procedure was adopted. The reaction mixture containing ammonium bicarbonate is initially kept at 90ºC for 1 hour. After completion of the cyclization, the temperature of the reaction mixture is increased to 140ºC for 2 hours. Following this protocol, coumarin could be isolated with a yield of 95%. Conclusion: A two-step procedure for the solvent-free synthesis of several 3,4-unsubstituted coumarins was developed using ammonium bicarbonate, resulting in high yields of the desired products. Moreover, this procedure has a low E-factor and is, therefore an environmental friendly reaction in line with the principles of Green Chemistry. It was shown that by initially capping the temperature at 90ºC, premature decarboxylation can be suppressed. After full conversion to the intermediate 3-carboxycoumarin, the temperature can be increased to 140ºC finalizing the reaction. Ammonium bicarbonate was shown to catalyze both the Green Knoevenagel condensation and the decarboxylation step.

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