scholarly journals Insights into the Different Dioxygen Activation Pathways of Methane and Toluene Monooxygenase Hydroxylases

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (19) ◽  
pp. 7384-7397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arteum D. Bochevarov ◽  
Jianing Li ◽  
Woon Ju Song ◽  
Richard A. Friesner ◽  
Stephen J. Lippard
Keyword(s):  
Dioxygen Activation ◽  
Toluene Monooxygenase ◽  
Activation Pathways

scholarly journals Steric control of dioxygen activation pathways for MnII complexes supported by pentadentate, amide-containing ligands

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (34) ◽  
pp. 13034-13045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Parham ◽  
Gayan B. Wijeratne ◽  
Jaycee R. Mayfield ◽  
Timothy A. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Labeling ◽  
Dioxygen Activation ◽  
Activation Pathways ◽  
Steric Control

Steric control of dioxygen activation is demonstrated through O2 titration and isotopic labeling experiments for two Mn(ii) complexes.

scholarly journals Contrasting E−H Bond Activation Pathways of a Phosphanyl‐Phosphagallene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joey Feld ◽  
Daniel W. N. Wilson ◽  
Jose Manuel Goicoechea
Keyword(s):  
Bond Activation ◽  
Activation Pathways

scholarly journals Combination-Feeding Causes Differences in Aspects of Systemic and Mucosal Immune Cell Phenotypes and Functions Compared to Exclusive Sow-Rearing or Formula-Feeding in Piglets

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Emily C. Radlowski ◽  
Mei Wang ◽  
Marcia H. Monaco ◽  
Sarah S. Comstock ◽  
Sharon M. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Arginase Activity ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Immune Development ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Activation Pathways ◽  
Cell Phenotypes ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Combination feeding (human milk and formula) is common and influences immune development compared to exclusive breastfeeding. Infant formulas contain prebiotics, which influence immune development. Herein, immune development of combination-fed (CF), sow-reared (SR) and formula-fed (FF) piglets, and the effect of prebiotics was tested. Piglets (n = 47) were randomized to: SR, FF, CF, FF+prebiotic (FP), and CF+prebiotic (CP). FP and CP received formula with galactooligosaccharides and inulin (4 g/L in a 4:1 ratio). CF and CP piglets were sow-reared for until d5 and then rotated between a sow and formula every 12 h. On day 21, piglets received an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide 2 h prior to necropsy. Immune cells from blood, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and spleen were phenotyped. Classical (nitric oxide synthase) and alternative (arginase activity) activation pathways were measured in isolated macrophages. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. SR piglets had lower (p < 0.0001) CD4+ T-helper cells and higher (p < 0.0001) B-cells in PBMC than all other groups. CP piglets had higher (p < 0.0001) arginase activity compared to all other groups. FF piglets had higher (p < 0.05) IL-6 compared to both CF and SR, but were similar to FP and CP. Thus, CF, with or without prebiotics, differentially affected immunity compared to exclusively fed groups.

scholarly journals Intracellular localization of the mycobacterial stressosome complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malavika Ramesh ◽  
Ram Gopal Nitharwal ◽  
Phani Rama Krishna Behra ◽  
B. M. Fredrik Pettersson ◽  
Santanu Dasgupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Sigma Factors ◽  
Alternative Sigma Factors ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Molecular Machinery ◽  
Stress Signals ◽  
Activation Pathways

AbstractMicroorganisms survive stresses by alternating the expression of genes suitable for surviving the immediate and present danger and eventually adapt to new conditions. Many bacteria have evolved a multiprotein "molecular machinery" designated the "Stressosome" that integrates different stress signals and activates alternative sigma factors for appropriate downstream responses. We and others have identified orthologs of some of the Bacillus subtilis stressosome components, RsbR, RsbS, RsbT and RsbUVW in several mycobacteria and we have previously reported mutual interactions among the stressosome components RsbR, RsbS, RsbT and RsbUVW from Mycobacterium marinum. Here we provide evidence that "STAS" domains of both RsbR and RsbS are important for establishing the interaction and thus critical for stressosome assembly. Fluorescence microscopy further suggested co-localization of RsbR and RsbS in multiprotein complexes visible as co-localized fluorescent foci distributed at scattered locations in the M. marinum cytoplasm; the number, intensity and distribution of such foci changed in cells under stressed conditions. Finally, we provide bioinformatics data that 17 (of 244) mycobacteria, which lack the RsbRST genes, carry homologs of Bacillus cereus genes rsbK and rsbM indicating the existence of alternative σF activation pathways among mycobacteria.

scholarly journals Complexity of the Microglial Activation Pathways that Drive Innate Host Responses During Lethal Alphavirus Encephalitis in Mice

ASN NEURO ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. AN20120016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilufer Esen ◽  
Pennelope K Blakely ◽  
Emily K Rainey-Barger ◽  
David N Irani
Keyword(s):  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Activation Pathways

scholarly journals The synthesis and application of novel Ni(ii) N-alkyl dipyridylaldiminato complexes as selective ethylene oligomerisation catalysts

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (26) ◽  
pp. 9892-9900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Swarts ◽  
Selwyn F. Mapolie
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Electronic Effects ◽  
Activation Pathways

A series of dinuclear Cl-bridged Ni(ii) complexes, 1a–1e, ligated by N-alkyl 2,2′-dipyridylamine ligands displayed high activity in ethylene oligomerisation, when activated with alkyl aluminium reagents. Steric and electronic effects as well as activation pathways were found to have a significant impact on catalyst activity and selectivity.

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